AMBLYOPIA (LAZY EYE).pptx lasy eye human disorder

This is Ambolypia .It also call lazy eye

1. AMBLYOPIA (LAZY EYE) Submitted By – Ankita Chatterjee Sem : V

2. CONTENTS DEFINATION TYPES OF AMBLYOPIA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS SYMPTOMS DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT

3. DEFINATION Partial or total loss of vision in one both eye, In the absence of any organic disease of ocular media, retina and visual pathway. Amblyopia is a vision development disorder in which an eye fails to achieve normal visual acuity, even with prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses. Amblyopia begins during infancy and early childhood. In most cases, only one eye is affected. But in some cases, reduced visual acuity can occur in both eyes.

4. TYPES OF AMBLYOPIA Major types of Amblyopia : Strabismic Amblyopia Anisometrotopic Amblyopia Ametropic Amblyopia Stimulus Deprivation Amblyopia Meridional Amblyopia

5. STRABISMIC AMBLYOPIA Strabismic Amblyopia is a common form of amblyopia . The term strabismic amblyopia is used for the amblyopia seen in those children patients with unilateral constant squint who strongly favour one eye for fixation. Strabismic Amblyopia is seen for more often in esotropia than the exotropes . Strabismic Amblyopia occurs very rarely in patients with hypertropia .

6. Anisometrotopic Amblyopia This type of Amblyopia is more common. It refers to the Amblyopia occurring in an eye having higher degree of the refractive error than the fellow other eye. It is of a higher degree in patients with anisohypermetropia than those in anisomyopia .

7. Ametropic Amblyopia Bilateral Amblyopia occurring in children with bilateral, high, approximately equal, uncorrected refractive error. Result from the effect of blurred retinal image alone. Commonly due to hyperopia (>+5D) Stimulus Deprivation Amblyopia It is least common but most damaging and difficult to treat from of Amblyopia . Such Condition include cataract, complete ptosis , corneal opacity,haemorrhage,therapeutic patching.

8. Meridional Amblyopia Uncorrected bilateral astigmatism in early childhood may result in loss of resolving ability limited to the chronically blurred meridians. Meridional Amblyopia is a selective a mblyopia for a specific visual meridian. 1.25 D of astigmatism may cause amblyopia .

9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY It can be discussed under following headings – Amblyogenic factors Role of Retina in the development of amblyopia . Active cortical inhibition

10. Amblyogenic factors Visual Deprivation Light Deprivation Abnormal Binocular interaction Monocular It occurs the critical period of visual development results in amblyopia in the deprived eye. Monocular visual deprivation works as an amblyogenic factor in strabismic anisometropic and stimulus deprivation amplyopia b) Binocular It occurs the critical period of visual development result in bilateral deprivational amplyopia . Usually seen in children with unilateral or bilateral complete cataracts. Abnormal binocular interaction is highly amplyogenic . It plays the role of ambplyogenic factor in children with strabismic anisometropic and unilateral stimulus deprivation amblyopia .

11. Role of Retina in the development of amblyopia . There is some evidence that the retina itself is abnormal in amblyopia . Decreased rod and cones in the affected eye cause certain neurophysiological changes, transmitted to the CNS which triggers amblyopia . Active cortical inhibition Physiologic evidence – Perhaps the normal eye may be responsible for an active cortical inhibition in unilateral amblyopia . Pharmacologic evidence – Perhaps in amblyopia active cortical inhibition might be mediated by inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.

12. CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS Decreased visual acuity Decreased stereo acuity Fixation reflex Crowding phenomenon Effect of neutral density filter Contrast Sensitivity Fixation pattern

13. LAZY EYE SYNPTOMS An eye that wanders inword or outwords Poor depth perc eption . Squinting or sh utting an eye Head tilling Abnormal results of vision screening test.

14. DIAGNOSIS Amblyopia can usually be diagnosed by a full examination of the eyes, checking for eye health, a difference in vision between the eyes or poor vision in both eyes. Eyedrops are generally used to dilate the eyes. The eye drops cause blurred vision that lasts for several hours or a day. The method used to test vision depends on yours child’s age and stage of development Preverbal children – A lighted magnifying device can be used to detect cataracts. Other tests can assess an infant’s ability to fix his or her gaze and to follow a moving object. Children age 3 and older – Tests using pictures or letters can assess the child’s vision. Each eye is covered in turn to test the other.

15. TREATMENT It’s important to start treatment for lazy eye as soon as possible in childhood, when the complicated connections between the eye and the brain are forming. The best results occurred when treatment starts before age 7, although half of children between the ages of 7 and 17 respond to treatment. Treatment options depend on the cause of lazy eye and how much the condition is affecting patient’s vision.

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