04.11.2014
1
[email protected]@yoldemir.com
EVALUATION ANDEVALUATION AND
TREATMENT OFTREATMENT OF
AMENORRHEAAMENORRHEA
Tevfik Tevfik YoldemirYoldemir, , MD, BBAMD, BBA
Marmara Marmara UniversityUniversity
DepartmentDepartmentof of ObstetricsObstetrics andand GynecologyGynecology
DivisionDivision
of of ReproductiveReproductive EndocrinologyEndocrinology andand InfertilityInfertility
DefinitionDefinition
••Primary amenorrhea: failure of menarche Primary amenorrhea: failure of menarche
by by age 16age 16
••Secondary amenorrhea: absence of Secondary amenorrhea: absence of
menstruation for menstruation for 3 months 3 months in a woman in a woman
withwith
previousprevious spontaneousspontaneous mensesmenses
www.yoldemir.comwww.yoldemir.com
ClassificationClassification
1. 1. GonadalGonadal failurefailure
2. 2. ChronicChronic anovulationanovulation
–– WithWith estrogenestrogen presentpresent
–– WithWith estrogenestrogen absentabsent
3. Defects of female reproductive tract3. Defects of female reproductive tract
www.yoldemir.comwww.yoldemir.com
ClassificationClassification
www.yoldemir.comwww.yoldemir.com
GonadalGonadal failurefailure --11
••GonadalGonadal (ovarian) failure is associated with (ovarian) failure is associated with increased increased
gonadotropinsgonadotropins, and, and the term the term hypergonadotropichypergonadotropic
hypogonadismhypogonadism is used. is used.
••The development of amenorrheaThe development of amenorrheaand and hypoestrogenismhypoestrogenism
associated with elevated associated with elevated gonadotropinsgonadotropins beforebefore the age the age of 40of 40defines ovarian failure. defines ovarian failure.
••Cessation of ovarian function as aCessation of ovarian function as a result of loss of germ result of loss of germ
cells and follicles in the ovary can occur at any age,cells and follicles in the ovary can occur at any age,
however, even in however, even in uteroutero, such as in , such as in gonadalgonadal dysgenesisdysgenesis
or ovarian agenesis.or ovarian agenesis.
www.yoldemir.comwww.yoldemir.com
GonadalGonadal failurefailure --22
••When ovarian failure occurs before puberty, the When ovarian failure occurs before puberty, the
presentation is that of apresentation is that of a phenotypic female with primary phenotypic female with primary
amenorrhea and lack of secondary sexualamenorrhea and lack of secondary sexual developmentdevelopment..
••When it occurs after pubertal development, the When it occurs after pubertal development, the
presentationpresentation is is secondary amenorrhea with the primary secondary amenorrhea with the primary
complaint being hot flashescomplaint being hot flashes..
••GonadalGonadal dysgenesisdysgenesis can be associated with normal or can be associated with normal or
abnormal abnormal karyotypeskaryotypes..
••Women harboring Y chromosome material have an Women harboring Y chromosome material have an
increased risk ofincreased risk of gonadalgonadal tumors, and the gonads should tumors, and the gonads should
be be removedremoved
. .
www.yoldemir.comwww.yoldemir.com