American Revolution - Human Values and Ethics.pptx

American Revolution

1. AMERICAN REVOLUTION S. CAROLINE AP/ECE/SXCCE 9/25/2024 1

2. American Revolution 9/25/2024 2

3. American Revolution Timeline 1763 The  British Empire  established colonies in the Americas. Britain and France engaged in the  French and Indian War The American colonies under British rule had become used to a large degree of autonomy. The British win the  French and Indian War  in 1763, but the cost of the war greatly increases their debt. They begin to exert more control and impose new taxes on the colonies. under the rule of King  George III , Great Britain began to exert more control over the colonies. 9/25/2024 3

4. 1765–66 9/25/2024 4

5. In order to increase revenues for the costs of defending the expanding British Empire, Britain taxed the colonies. Like the  Sugar Act  (1764), the  Stamp Act  is enacted to provide revenue for the British crown. This act places a tax on legal documents, newspaper advertisements, and other printed materials. Enraged colonists protest the Stamp Act, and the British government ends the tax . 9/25/2024 5

6. 1767–68 In another effort to raise money and exert its authority over the colonies, Britain established the  Townshend Acts , a series of additional taxes   in 1767. This series of acts placed taxes on tea, lead, paint, paper, and glass imported to the colonies. The acts were resisted through violence, deliberate refusal to pay, and hostility toward British agents . The colonists vehemently object to these taxes, and opposition toward the British grows throughout the colonies, particularly in Boston, Massachusetts . In response, in October 1768, Parliament sends two units of the British army to Boston . 9/25/2024 6

7. March 5, 1770 In Boston a small British army troop is threatened by mob harassment and opens fire, killing five colonists. This incident becomes known as the  Boston Massacre . 9/25/2024 7

8. December 16, 1773 9/25/2024 8

9. In a show of protest against the British tax on tea and the perceived monopoly of the  East India Company , Bostonians disguised as  Mohawk  Indians board ships at anchor and dump thousands of dollars’ worth of tea into the harbor, an event popularly known as the  Boston Tea Party . 9/25/2024 9

10. March–June 1774 In retaliation for colonial resistance, the British Parliament imposes four measures known as the  Intolerable (or Coercive) Acts : Boston Port Act, Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act. 9/25/2024 10

11.  The four acts were (1) the Boston Port Bill, which closed Boston Harbor ; (2) the Massachusetts Government Act, which replaced the elective local government with an appointive one and increased the powers of the military governor ; (3) the  Administration of Justice Act , which allowed British officials charged with capital offenses to be tried in another colony or in England; and (4) the Quartering Act, which permitted the requisition of unoccupied buildings to house British troops . 9/25/2024 11

12. September 5, 1774 In response to the Intolerable Acts, the First  Continental Congress  met in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Fifty-six delegates represent all the colonies except Georgia . The representatives called on Britain to cancel the Intolerable Acts. Britain responded by sending more troops to the colonies . 9/25/2024 12

13. April 18–19, 1775 9/25/2024 13

14. On the night of April 18, 1775,  Paul Revere  rides from Charlestown to Lexington (both in Massachusetts) to warn that the British are marching from Boston toward Concord, Massachusetts. It is unclear who fires the first shot, but it starts a  clash  that leaves eight Americans dead. 9/25/2024 14

15. June 17, 1775 9/25/2024 15

16. The first major battle of the American Revolution is the  Battle of Bunker Hill . Although the British win the battle, they lose more than 40 percent of their men. The battle is a moral victory for the Americans. 9/25/2024 16

17. July 2–4, 1776 On July 2 the Congress votes for independence and on July 4 adopts the  Declaration of Independence , written by  Thomas Jefferson . 9/25/2024 17

18. October 17, 1777 9/25/2024 18

19. While British forces under the command of General  John Burgoyne  capture Fort Ticonderoga in New York on July 5, 1777, they lose subsequent battles in Vermont and New York. With his forces depleted, Burgoyne surrenders at  Saratoga , New York . 9/25/2024 19

20. 1778 With the colonists’ victory in Saratoga, a  Franco-American alliance  is formed. France, which has been secretly furnishing financial and military aid to the Americans since 1776, now begins preparing fleets and armies to enter the fight. 9/25/2024 20

21. March 1, 1781 The  Articles of Confederation , a plan of government organization prior to the  U.S. Constitution  of 1787, were written in 1776–77 and adopted by the Congress on November 15, 1777. The articles are fully ratified by the states on March 1, 1781. 9/25/2024 21

22. September–October 1781 9/25/2024 22

23. September 3, 1783 The  Peace of Paris  is signed on this day, formally ending the war. Britain recognizes the independence of the United States with generous boundaries to the Mississippi River but retains Canada . 9/25/2024 23

24. U.S. Constitution 9/25/2024 24

25. 9/25/2024 25

26. Reasons for Success of Colonists Motivation of Americans were high Overconfident British generals Combined force of French and America trapped British army 9/25/2024 26