AMP Training Presentation v2 24.01.03 (1).pptx

AMP Training Presentation

1. Support for Irrigation Modernization Program Phase 2 TRAINING MODULE - 2 Asset Management Planning for Irrigation Schemes Rahul Sen Asset Management Plannin g Resources Person 8 th – 12 th January, 2024 WALMI, Aurangabad, Maharashtra

2. Session 2: Aim and scope of Asset Management Planning and its use in infrastructure/ irrigation scheme Management Operations and Maintenance

3. Defining Asset Management for Irrigation Scheme Asset Management Planning: An Overview Asset management can be formally defined as “A structured and auditable process for planning, implementing and monitoring investment in the maintenance of built infrastructure to provide users with a sustainable and defined level of service” (UN, 2021). Asset management planning is at the core of planning for long-term investment and expenditure in infrastructure sector. It seeks to relate investment and expenditure to specified, user-defined levels of service. The process involves defining the level of service to be provided; identifying the condition and performance the assets are required to deliver for the desired services; quantifying the investment and expenditure required to maintain, improve or extend the assets in order to satisfy the specified levels of services; and quantifying the ability of the users to pay for the specified service. Asset management planning identifies asset stock and quantifies its condition and performance. From the assessment of asset condition and level of performance, estimates can be made for the investment required for either: Maintaining existing asset condition and system performance; or Enhancing or extending asset condition and system performance.

4. Defining Asset Management for Irrigation Scheme Framework for Asset Management Planning for Infrastructure Projects Source: United Nations, 2021. Managing Infrastructure Assets for Sustainable Development: A Handbook for Local and National Governments. United Nations, New York https://www.un.org/development/desa/financing/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.financing/files/2021-02/IAMH_2021_0.pdf

5. Defining Asset Management for Irrigation Scheme Key Elements of an Asset Management Plan Sl. No. Elements of AMP Description 1 Definition of procedures The detailed methodology used in producing the AMP set out so that it can be traced and audited over time 2 Policies and Standards Policies set out the irrigation service provider’s approach to investment decision making Standards are the benchmark against which the achieved performance is to be measured 3 Existing level of service The level of service currently provided under each output performance measured against the declared standard 4 Desired level of service The desired level of service required by the users and for which they are prepared to pay 5 Asset extent, value, condition and performance Summary of what assets exist under various category headings, their 'modern equivalent asset' value, their current condition and performance

6. Defining Asset Management for Irrigation Scheme Key Elements of an Asset Management Plan Sl. No. Elements of AMP Description 6 Long-term investment plan The investment need identified through studies to rectify the performance shortfalls and to extend or improve the service to meet demand and the needs of the users 7 Program of planned activities accounting for the investment A schedule of specific works identified in the studies as requiring to be undertaken, showing when it is intended to implement them 8 Program of performance benefits accruing from the investment Summary of how the investment will lead to improvements in performance over time against the declared targets 9 Short term expenditure program Budgets for the first few years, and how these are arrived at 10 Operating costs Summary of the service provider’s operating costs consistent with the capital expenditure program 11 Revenue requirements The implications of the plan for revenue required by the service provider and user charges

7. Defining Asset Management for Irrigation Scheme Asset Management Planning Process for Irrigation Scheme As part of asset management planning, asset surveys are carried out, either of all assets, or of statistically selected representative sample sets, to determine asset condition and performance Integration and analysis of the information on all assets leads to the development of an Asset Management Plan (AMP) A crucial part of the preparation a AMP is the identification of the current and desired level of service provided by the infrastructure The current level of service is determined through the asset surveys and through interviews and discussions with service provider staff and users. In order to determine the desired level of service, standards and performance measures need to be identified.

8. Defining Asset Management for Irrigation Scheme Steps in Asset Management Planning for Irrigation Scheme The various sequential steps in preparing an AMP through an asset management planning approach are as follows: Agreeing on standards and desired level of service provision Carrying out technical / engineering studies Carrying out asset surveys and appraisal Carrying out condition and performance appraisal to identify serviceability level of assets Creating and maintaining asset database Formulating the AMP Implementing the asset management plan – preparing annual maintenance plan; Monitoring implementation of AMP and evaluation of services provided

9. Defining Asset Management for Irrigation Scheme Key Steps in Asset Management Planning for Irrigation Schemes

10. Session 3 & 4: Steps in AMP approach and method and its application in irrigation scheme MOM

11. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Indicative Relationship between Level of Investment, Canal Control, Level of Service and O&M Requirements and Costs

12. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Carrying Out Technical / Engineering Studies For assessing the condition, performance and serviceability of the assets; to study issues such as the deterioration rate of different types of assets and asset components (facets); and development of cost models (costs for rebuilding / upgrading / rehabilitating assets) detailed technical information and data may be required. Unless the required information and data on the irrigation scheme’s assets are already available, technical / engineering studies may have to be carried out before doing the asset appraisal assessment. Through the technical / engineering studies the cost database for maintaining or enhancing the condition / performance of each type of asset may be ascertained and applied to the asset condition / performance assessment. The deterioration rate of individual components, such as rubber gate seals, or pumps and motors, may be estimated and standard profiles drawn up for each type of asset. Through the technical / engineering studies the recurrence interval of the expenditure may also be assessed (e.g. rubber gate seals may need replacing every 5 years, metal gate plates every 20 years), and the long-term investment plan may be drawn up. The studies may also be used to identify the anticipated improvements in performance benefits arising from different levels of investment, which need to be assessed against the investment costs. An additional feature of the technical / engineering studies is to look at alternatives, for example replacing manually operated gates with automated gates to save operating (OPEX) costs, or replacing a structure that is at the end of its useful life with a new structure, possibly of a different design, or with different features. Replacing a structure may cost more in terms of capital invested (CAPEX) but less in terms of operating costs (OPEX).

13. Steps in AMP Approach and Method The Asset Survey Determines The Category of components of the system (canal, head regulator, etc.); The Extent of the assets that exist (how many and in what categories); The Size of the asset (these can be grouped into size bands to facilitate costing); The Importance of the asset, which relates to the impact that malfunction of the asset might have on the system as a whole (the head regulator at the river intake is more important than a secondary canal head regulator lower down the system); The Value of the assets in each size band, which is based on the modern equivalent asset (MEA) that is the cost of replacing the structure at today's costs; The Components/Facets of each asset (e.g. gates and masonry in a head regulator structure). Different asset components/facets may deteriorate at different rates;

14. Steps in AMP Approach and Method The Asset Survey Determines The Condition of the asset and its components/facets. The condition will affect the level of investment required. Condition Grades are used to categorize condition; The Performance of the asset and its components/facets. The performance will affect the level of investment required. Performance Grades are used to categorize performance; and The Serviceability of the asset, that is, how well it performs its function. An asset may be in a poor condition (masonry damaged) but performing its function satisfactorily (gates operating and passing design discharge). For irrigation, serviceability of structures can be divided into hydraulic function (ability to pass design discharge) and operations function (ability to control flow across a specified range, ability to provide command level, etc.). Serviceability Grades are used to categorize serviceability.

15. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Summary of Steps for Asset Appraisal Step Data and Details Purpose System overview Inspect canal and drainage system; Preliminary talks with farmers and irrigation authority staff on system management, operation and maintenance. To gain an overview and the “feel” of the irrigation and drainage system as a guide to the approach to be adopted for the asset survey. Note the general type and condition of the infrastructure, the type, condition and quality of the farming. Obtain general background data Background data includes: Maps Climatic data Scheme cropping pattern Average crop yields and production System operation and maintenance procedures Gain more detailed insight of the scheme, the layout, production levels, management, operation and maintenance procedures. Start to formulate initial opinion of the management, operation and maintenance, and its implications for scheme performance. Obtain and process detailed system performance data Crop type, yields and production per tertiary unit; Irrigation water supply at primary, secondary and tertiary head regulators; Process data ready for analysis. Obtain and process data to quantify scheme performance and potential problems.

16. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Summary of Steps for Asset Appraisal Step Data and Details Purpose Identify current and potential performance level and current and desired level of service provision Analyze performance data to identify production problems - low yields, differential production; Hold discussion with farmers and irrigation staff to ascertain perceptions on current and potential performance level and level of service provision; Identify and quantify current level of performance and level of service provision; Identify and quantify potential/desired level of performance and level of service provision; Identify nature and cause of gaps and constraints; Decide if infrastructure condition and performance may influence overall system performance. Analyze data to quantify current and potential levels of performance and current and desired level of service provision. Identify the gaps and constraints and assess the likelihood that the condition and performance of the infrastructure might be a factor. Obtain maintenance data Recurrent maintenance budget and allocation; Annual expenditure on maintenance contracts; Annual expenditure on emergency maintenance; Maintenance requirements; Maintenance staff, equipment and facilities; Form opinion on maintenance situation. Understand situation in relation to maintenance. Answer questions: Is maintenance funding high, moderate, low? Is maintenance work being deferred? Are maintenance procedures (for work identification/prioritization, etc.) adequate? Is lack of maintenance an issue?

17. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Summary of Steps for Asset Appraisal Step Data and Details Purpose Determine extent of asset base, stratify and select sample base Obtain asset database (if available); Obtain design drawings (if available); Decide on stratification, sample sets and size; Decide on sample sets; Decide on normalization measures for each sample set. Identify and categories asset types, sizes, function etc. Prepare stratification of the system and decide on sample sets and sizes, and normalization measures for each sample set. Preparatory work for carrying out asset surveys. Carry out asset survey For selected sample sets: Categorize and record asset condition; Categorize and record asset performance; Categorize and record asset importance; Obtain the field data for the sample sets from which to be able to formulate asset condition and performance inventory report. Formulate asset condition and performance report Expand sample set data to full population (normalization); Assess impact of infrastructure on scheme performance and level of service provision; Finalize findings of influence of infrastructure on current system and scheme performance and level of service; Finalize findings on gaps between current and potential scheme performance and current and desired service in relation to infrastructure condition and performance; Prepare asset condition and performance report. Formulate final findings on the influence of infrastructure condition and performance on current and potential/desired scheme performance and level of service provision. Write up findings as Asset Condition and Performance Report.

18. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Example of Proforma for Asset Survey Data Collection for Canal Name of Irrigation Scheme: Zone: Circle: Division: Sub-division: Section: Canal No. / Name: Name of Surveyor: Date of Survey: Sl. No. Chain age Asset Type Components / Facet Leading Dimensions Discharge Capacity (m 3 /s) Condition Grading (1-5) Performance Grading (1-5) Importance Grading (1-5) Remarks Start (km) Finish (km) Height (m) Width (m) Length (m) Other 1                           2                           3                           4                           5                           6                           7                           8                           9                           10                           11                           12                           13                           14                           15                          

19. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Asset Condition, Performance and Importance Appraisal Condition and performance are two separate but related measures of how well an asset functions. Taken together, condition and performance give a measure of the level of serviceability of the asset. For Condition Grading there are two basic questions which may be asked while surveying the asset: i . Is the asset safe? ii. Does the asset require repair? A 5-point grading system may be adopted to make the condition assessment of the assets Condition Grade Condition Level Asset Condition Grade Criteria 5 Very Good 4 Good 3 Fair 2 Poor 1 Very Poor

20. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Point Standardized Condition Grading System for Asset Condition - Example of a Concrete Bridge over a Canal Condition Grade Condition Level Assessment of a Concrete Bridge Over a Canal 5 Very Good No visible defects. No hairline cracks, no signs of any honeycombing or spalling 4 Good Cracking greater than 0.5 mm, localized honeycombing and spalling, concrete flaking and signs of previous repair 3 Fair Rust staining, spalling of concrete or exposure of reinforcement, extensive or widespread honeycombing, evidence of weathering / erosion and surface covered in vegetation 2 Poor Extensive / widespread concrete spalling, extensive exposure of reinforcement and rust staining and signs of reduced structural integrity 1 Very Poor Clear evidence of structural failure or that failure is imminent

21. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Asset Performance Appraisal The main questions which may be asked while carrying out the Performance Grading are: i . Can the asset perform its function? ii. Can the asset perform to its design capacity? iii. How does the performance of the asset influence system performance? A 5-point grading system may be adopted to make the performance assessment of the asset . Performance Grade Performance Level Asset Performance Grade Criteria 5 Very Good 4 Good 3 Fair 2 Poor 1 Very Poor

22. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Performance Grade Performance Level Asset Performance Grade Criteria 5 Very Good Structure can pass the design maximum flow and can be shut completely to pass zero flow. There is no seepage around or under the structure into the canal. 4 Good Structure has restrictions on its ability to pass the design maximum flow, cannot be shut completely, and / or there is seepage around or under the structure into the canal. Canal discharge is limited to 80% of design, or the discharge entering the canal cannot be reduced below 20% of design. 3 Fair Structure has significant restrictions on its ability to pass the design maximum flow, cannot be shut completely, or there is significant seepage around or under the structure into the canal. Canal discharge is limited to 60% of design, or the discharge entering the canal cannot be reduced below 40% of design. 2 Poor Structure has severe restrictions on its ability to pass the design maximum flow, cannot be shut completely, or there is severe seepage around or under the structure into the canal. Canal discharge is limited to less than 40% of design, or the discharge entering the canal cannot be reduced below 60% of design. 1 Very Poor There is no control of discharge through, around or under the structure. Discharge entering the canal may be zero or greater than 100% of design. Point Standardized Performance Grading System for Asset Performance - Example of a Canal Head Regulator

23. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Asset Importance Appraisal The Importance of an asset is a measure of its strategic importance to the overall functioning of the irrigation system. Factors which influence the decision as to the importance of an asset may include : Function; Area served downstream; Area affected or influenced by structure; Number of people affected by structure Danger to health and safety of asset failure; Impact on irrigation scheme performance; and Cost of replacing the structure Importance grading system for assets may also be carried out on 5 grades. Importance grading may be somewhat unique to an irrigation system and therefore subjective and needing adjustments to suit the situation.

24. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Example of Importance Grading for an Irrigatio n Scheme Score Importance Example of Assessment of Importance Grading of Various Assets 5 Essential Diversion weir, Barrage, Embankment dam, Intake works, Pump station 4 Very High Scour sluice, Canal reach, Aqueduct, Syphon, Sediment trap 3 High Head regulator, Cross regulator, Measuring structure 2 Medium Drain reach, Drop/chute, Side weir, Tail escape 1 Low Inspection road, Bridge

25. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Possible Performance, Condition and Importance Relationships Performance Condition Importance Explanation of Situation Consequence Good Good High No problem with asset. Performance and condition are good, indicating that asset is new and in high serviceability grade. Low probability of structural failure. Good Good Low No problem with asset. Performance and condition are good, indicating that asset is new and in high serviceability grade. Low probability of structural failure. Good Poor High The situation is hazardous because the asset is close to failure, but its good performance may provide a false sense of security. High priority status because of the importance rating. High probability of sudden structural failure which could have high direct and indirect cost consequences.

26. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Possible Performance, Condition and Importance Relationships Performance Condition Importance Explanation of Situation Consequence Good Poor Low The situation is hazardous because the asset is close to failure, but its good performance may provide a false sense of security. Low priority status because of the importance rating. High probability of sudden structural failure which could have moderate/ low direct or indirect cost consequences. Poor Good High High priority status as performance is low and importance is high. Condition is good indicating that performance is affected by something other than condition. Engineering assessment required to identify the problem causing the poor performance. Poor Good Low Low priority status since importance is low. Condition is good indicating that performance is affected by something other than condition. Engineering assessment required to identify the problem causing the poor performance.

27. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Possible Performance, Condition and Importance Relationships Performance Condition Importance Explanation of Situation Consequence Poor Poor High High priority status as performance and condition are poor and importance is high. This indicates that the asset has failed and is in low serviceability grade. High probability of sudden structural failure which could have high direct and indirect cost consequences. Poor Poor Low Low priority status as importance is low. However, the poor performance and condition indicate that the asset has failed, or is about to fail, and is in low serviceability grade. High probability of sudden structural failure which could have moderate direct or indirect cost consequences.

28. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Asset Serviceability Appraisal Asset Serviceability Levels measures the effect of the asset condition and asset performance in being able to successfully deliver the agreed irrigation service Based on the asset condition grade and asset performance grade, an asset serviceability matrix may be developed Asset Serviceability Level Condition Grade 5 – Very Good 4 - Good 3 - Fair 2 - Poor 1 – Very Poor Performance Grade 5 – Very Good 100 90 80 70 60 4 – Good 90 80 70 60 50 3 – Fair 70 60 50 40 30 2 – Poor 50 40 30 20 10 1 – Very Poor 40 30 20 10 Asset serviceability levels can be a subjective assessment, varying from one irrigation scheme to another Developing an effective asset serviceability matrix for an irrigation scheme needs careful analysis of not only its asset condition and performance, but also a good understanding of its system operation and management and the level of service required

29. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Asset Renewal time Matrix The remaining life of an asset may also be estimated by using the condition and performance grading system using a Renewal Timing Matrix to obtain the percentage of the assets life ‘which is still left. As a first step, the standard asset life may be identified, which may vary for different facets / components of an asset. Based on the asset standard life and the condition and performance grade of the asset, the Asset Renewal Time Matrix may be prepared, which indicates the life of the asset still remaining against its standard life. The inverse of the asset renewal time matrix may be used to estimate the Priority Index for the asset, which may be used to prioritize works and investment. Remaining Life of Asset (in Percentage) Condition Grade 5 – Very Good 4 - Good 3 - Fair 2 - Poor 1 – Very Poor Performance Grade 5 – Very Good 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 4 – Good 95% 85% 75% 70% 60% 3 – Fair 90% 75% 65% 55% 40% 2 – Poor 85% 70% 55% 35% 20% 1 – Very Poor 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% PS. These are indicative percentage of remaining asset life. Actual percentage may be calculated through the asset appraisal survey and technical specifications of the asset, which may vary amongst irrigation schem es depending on local conditions.

30. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Different Categories of Maintenance Works Sl. No. Maintenance Category Description Example 1 Routine Maintenance (RM) Routine day‐to‐day maintenance that is carried out on a regular basis, usually by manual labour Minor repairs to earth embankments - small gullies from rainfall runoff, animal damage, machinery damage, cracks, and small seepage holes Clearance of silt in canals and drains near structures, especially near gates, measuring structures and siphons Clearance of floating trash from canals and structures, trash screens and gate wells Removal and cutting back of vegetation from within canals and drains, from embankments and from around structures Greasing and oiling of gates 2 Periodic Maintenance (PM) Periodic maintenance is small scale, often preventative, maintenance work carried out during the irrigation season. Such work may require skilled labour or machinery Repairs to concrete canal lining and structures Repairs and maintenance to wood and metal works, in particular gates Repairs to measuring structures, and installation of gauges Repairs to canal embankments if there is leakage or overtopping Repairs to machinery such as pumps and engines Replacement of consumable small parts – washers, rubber lining, plugs, etc Access road upkeep

31. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Different Categories of Maintenance Works Sl. No. Maintenance Category Description Example 3 Corrective Maintenance (CM) Corrective maintenance is work that is too large, or on too wide a scale for periodic maintenance work. It could also include work related to the improvement of the system rather than maintenance. It may also rise due to failure to carry out the routine/ periodic maintenance works. Major desilting operations of main canals and drains Repair of canal lining Repair of head works and canal / drain structures Maintenance of canal embankments, service roads and flood bunds Repair or replacement of equipment, gates, pumps, motors, etc 4 Emergency Maintenance (EM) Emergency maintenance is work that is carried out as the response to arising urgent or emergent needs mainly due to deferment / neglect of maintenance. It may also arise as a result of natural disaster, unforeseen accidents or deliberate sabotage. Temporary repairs to river, canal or flood bund embankments in the event of a breach or possible breach Preventative work to avoid structure failure, or repair as a result of a structure failure Work to repair damage to canal or structure done deliberately

32. Steps in AMP Approach and Method General Relational Matric between Asset Serviceability Levels Assessment and Asset Maintenance Needs The asset maintenance plan at a generic level is broadly dependent on the asset serviceability levels assessment as the performance and condition grades of the asset determine the scope and nature of maintenance needed for an asset Asset Serviceability Level Condition Grade 5 – Very Good 4 - Good 3 - Fair 2 - Poor 1 – Very Poor Performance Grade 5 – Very Good RM / PM RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM EM followed by RM / PM 4 – Good RM / PM RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM EM followed by RM / PM 3 – Fair RM / PM RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM EM followed by RM / PM 2 – Poor CM followed by RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM EM followed by RM / PM 1 – Very Poor CM followed by RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM CM followed by RM / PM EM followed by RM / PM

33. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Modular AMP Database Architecture with Suggested Data Modules Asset Inventory Asset Identity and Description Location / Length by Canal Reach (GPS Location) Area Served Asset Design Specifications Asset Characteristics Asset Components Asset Importance Band Asset Condition Asset Performance Asset Serviceability Time Since Constructed / Last Rehabilitated Asset Construction / Last Rehabilitation Cost Creating AMP Database The data collected through the asset survey and appraisal may be entered into an AMP Database. This may either be a simple geo-referenced spreadsheet file or a specially designed geo-referenced database software. The AMP database may also include maps, design drawings, photographs, etc. linked to each asset surveyed.

34. Steps in AMP Approach and Method AMP Database Technology Stack Solution The technology stack refers to the set of technologies, programming languages, frameworks, tools, and databases used to build and operate a software application or information system. The technology solutions in a stack work together to provide the functionality and services needed for the system. Simplified geo-referenced database architecture Microsoft Excel: data storage, dashboard, data transfer QGIS: spatial data storage and management, mapping Alternate, specially designed geo-referenced relational database architecture PostgreSQL (& PostGIS ) relational spatial database for backup and future expansion. Needs to be installed on the server in the local area network or cloud Web-GIS: web-based: PHP (Code Igniter / Laravel…) Reporting via PHP or similar technology PS. The technology stack proposed above are all easily available and/ or free / open-source software. AMP database solution may also be built on more sophisticated proprietary or customized bespoke software depending on the resources and expertise available with the AMP team.

35. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Technical Specifications of the Asset Database Generally, different groups of assets are recognized in the asset database. Group 1 – Water Capture: River Off Take, Weirs, Dams and Storage Reservoirs, Weir Barrage, Groundwater Abstraction Wells Group 2 - Conveyance: Canals, Drainage, Hydraulic Structures, Supplementary Structures Group 3 – Operations: Head Regulators, Cross Regulators, Measuring Structures, Pumping Station, Gauging Station, Gate, Siphon, Outlet , Hydropower Plant Group 4 – Management and General: Access Roads, Offices, Office Equipments , Workshop Vehicles, Laboratory, Heavy Equipment, Vehicles Technical specifications may be different for different assets, but in general the attributes that may be collected / recorded for each asset type s is given the Table below

36. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Attribute Name Attribute Description Data Type Remarks Asset Class Example: pump, barrage, weir …. Alpha Pump, barrage, weir… Description Description of the asset Alpha   Unique ID A unique identification number for the asset, based on an auto-increment number or other creation protocol Alpha-numeric GIS Feature ID GIS feature ID of the asset record (can be the same as Unique ID)   Alpha-numeric Location X UTM Coordinate X Zone Numeric Location Y UTM Coordinate Y Zone Numeric Elevation Altitude above sea level in meter Numeric Address Physical address, asset name, asset area, asset registration Alpha Management and General Assets Date of Construction / Purchase Construction / purchase date of this asset Numeric   Date of Installation Installation date of this asset - can be the same as in-service date Numeric   Technical Specifications of Assets in Asset Database

37. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Attribute Name Attribute Description Data Type Domain Date In-Service In service date for this asset Numeric   Manufacturer Manufacturer or Vendor Alpha  Equipment / Device / Part / Software Model Manufacturer model or product line Alpha   Equipment / Device / Part / Software Owner Owner or agency who own the asset Alpha   O&M Manager Unit responsible for operation and maintenance of asset Alpha Asset Status Current operational status of the asset Alpha Active, inactive, in service, support requested Maintenance Types Type of Maintenance strategy for the asset Alpha Corrective, preventive, risk-based, condition- based maintenance Date of Last Rehabilitation / Maintenance Last rehabilitation / maintenance date of this asset Numeric Last Rehabilitation / Maintenance Nature of last rehabilitation / maintenance works taken up on the asset Alpha Technical Specifications of Assets in Asset Database

38. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Condition, Performance, Importance and Serviceability Information of Assets in Asset Database A tt ribute Name A tt ribute Description Data Type Remarks Date o f Last Asset Appraisal Survey Date of most recent Condition, Performance, Importance and Serviceability assessment Numeric Condition Assessment Condition grading 1 - 5 Numeric Performance Assessment Performance grading 1 - 5 Numeric Importance Assessment Importance grading 1 - 5 Numeric Serviceability Assessment Serviceability matrix grading 1 – 5 by 1 -5 Numeric Expected Life of Asset Anticipated useful life of the asset based on asset appraisal survey (Not asset’s depreciable life) Numeric In years Probability of Failure ( PoF ) Assessed probability of failure based on asset appraisal survey Numeric In years Consequence of Failure ( CoF ) Assessed consequence of failure based on asset appraisal survey Alpha Affected area, people, performance Proposed Maintenance Work Assessed maintenance work required based on asset appraisal survey Alpha Criticality of Maintenance Work Assessed criticality of maintenance work proposed based on asset appraisal survey Alpha Immediate, Deferred

39. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Formulating the Asset Management Plan AMPs generally look at a longer-term time frame (15-20 years), though they may be implemented in short-term time segments of 3-5 years. The full AMP (longer time frame) details the necessary actions required for effectively operating and maintaining the assets to deliver the desired service over time. Along with this, it may also give a financial plan to sustain the assets performance and serviceability over time. This may include not only the immediately required OPEX for asset maintenance, but also longer term need to CAPEX for asset replacement and upgrading. The short-term AMP implementation plan (3-5 years) is more focused on planning and scheduling asset maintenance activities that are necessary to deliver the desired level of services on an immediate term. Using the asset serviceability levels assessment and asset maintenance needs relational matrix an asset maintenance plan can be developed for an irrigation scheme which may be considered as the short-term AMP implementation plan for the irrigation scheme It sets out the plan for implementation of maintenance and replacement work to be carried out to get the assets to perform at a level where it can effectively deliver the desired level of services – raise the serviceability level of the assets to necessary level of condition and performance. An irrigation scheme may be operated effectively only if it is in good physical condition and its assets maintain the required condition, performance and serviceability through maintenance of the assets.

40. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Formulating the Asset Management Plan Sl. No. AMP Section Content 1 Irrigation scheme performance assessment Analysis of the performance of the irrigation scheme including system layout, MOM, cropping pattern, current level of irrigation service delivery, water use efficiency and productivity, etc. Assessment of desired level of service delivery and system performance 2 Asset condition, performance and serviceability assessment An inventory of all the assets, divided by category and size Condition, performance and serviceability assessment provided for all assets, together with an importance assessment 3 Asset maintenance activities Based on the asset condition, performance and serviceability assessment and the desired level of irrigation service, asset maintenance works may be identified Activities grouped into the four maintenance categories of routine, periodic, corrective and emergency with their corresponding cost and source of funds 4 Implementation arrangement and management Implementation schedule and timeline for maintenance works based on Probability of Failure , Consequence of Failure and Criticality of Maintenance Work 5 Benefits assessment Assessment of potential benefits – improved irrigation service, crop water productivity, etc.

41. Steps in AMP Approach and Method Institutional Arrangement for Implementing the AMP Implementing the AMP requires a dedicated institutional arrangement consisting of: AMP Policy: Establish an irrigation scheme AMP policy based on a comprehensive asset predictive / preventive / corrective maintenance strategy and approach AMP Guideline / Manual: Develop an AMP guideline / manual detailing the objectives, sequence of steps, methods and tools, information system and data management architecture, etc. to set the protocol for preparing an AMP for irrigation scheme MOM AMP Team: Dedicated team of irrigation engineers, agriculture expert and IT personals proficient in use of spreadsheet, GIS and data management (in case of a specially designed geo-referenced relational database architecture more proficient IT team may be required with expertise in MIS, database designing, web-GIS, etc.) Financial Resources for AMP: Adequate funds allocation to carry out technical / engineering studies, regular asset appraisal surveys, establishing the AMP database, maintaining and updating the AMP database, carrying out monitoring and evaluation assessments of AMP implementation, etc. Financial Resources for Sustainable MOM: Adequate fund allocation to allow full and timely implementation of the irrigation scheme MOM works proposed in the AMP .

42. Session 5: Pilot System O&M Plan for Distributary 17 of Tungabhadra Left Bank Canal Based on Asset Management Planning Approach

43. Asset Management Plan for Irrigation Scheme in Karnataka Selection of Pilot Area for Asset Management Plan It is proposed to take up distributaries D-17 and D-95 of the TungaLhadra Left Bank Canal (TLBC) as the representative sample area for preparation of the AMP D-17 and D-95 of TLBC respectively represent the upper and lower reaches of the TLBC irrigation system ACIWRM is currently implementing a pilot Land And Water Management Plan (LWMP) implementation project in these two distributaries The LWMP project is expected to develop land and water management plans for D-17 and D-95 to improve land and water productivity and water use efficiency However, most of the focus of LWMP is on on-farm interventions with limited attention to the irrigation asset maintenance – canals and other hydraulic structures Yet, deficiencies in proper and regular maintenance of the irrigation assets leading to failure or poor performance of the assets is identified as one of the major causes for poor performance of irrigation services to D-17 and D-95 Coupling AMP preparation for D-17 and D-95 with the LWMP project will put forward a comprehensive solution to improving water use efficiency and productivity in D-17 and D-95 command area both of on-farm and off-farm systems PS. In the current presentation AMP for Distributary 17 TLBC is only covered

44. Asset Management Plan for Irrigation Scheme in Karnataka Methodology Used for Preparing the Pilot AMP To collect data for the current study including carrying out the asset condition, performance and serviceability appraisal of the hydraulic structures in D-17, an asset mapping and survey exercise was fielded by the team members of the pilot LWMP implementation project of ACIWRM during the months of December 2022 and January 2023 To assist the asset mapping and survey exercise a set of data collection forms had been designed and shared with the field team Two field visits to D-17 project areas were made in November 2022 and February 2023, during which consultation meetings were held with the concerned canal engineers of KNNL, TB-CADA staff, WUCS representatives, farmers of the command area and the staff of the pilot LWMP implementation project of ACIWRM The topics discussed during these meetings ranged from the distributary hydraulic characteristics, operation and maintenance of the distributary irrigation system, irrigation service delivery and performance, command area characteristics, cropping pattern and agronomic practices, WUCS functioning, etc Along with the consultation meetings, site visits to observe and review the results of asset mapping and asset appraisal survey of D-17 was also carried out

45. Asset Management Plan for Irrigation Scheme in Karnataka Methodology Used for Preparing the Pilot AMP Crop Water Productivity (CWP) Assessment of D-17 CWP assessment has been carried out by ACIWRM for the command area of D-17 and its 3 sub-distributaries for the last two complete crop seasons, namely Rabi 2021-22 and Kharif 2022 The CWP assessment study used remote sensing-based assessment of water productivity method developed by IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, The Netherlands, which is based on measuring actual ETa to estimate net water consumption The method used the PySEBAL model in-house developed by IHE Delft to compute ETa and above ground biomass production at 30 m by 30 m spatial resolution The baseline conditions in the study area were established by mapping the crop type (paddy rice), water consumption, crop water deficit, crop yield and crop water productivity in the reference period of Rabi 2021-22 and Kharif 2022 at a resolution of 30 m by 30 m using publicly available remote sensing imagery The parameters measured using the PySEBAL model for the December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) include: Crop Water Consumption and Deficit Crop Yield – Paddy Rice Crop Water Productivity – Paddy Rice

46. Asset Management Plan for Irrigation Scheme in Karnataka Methodology Used for Preparing the Pilot AMP PySEBAL Methodological Framework for CWP Assessment

47. Profile of Distributary 17 TLBC D-17 is situated in the head reach of TLBC in Gangavathi taluk of Koppal district about 4 km from Gangavathi town It takes off from the main canal at 47 km from the reservoir and has a length of 14.90 km and it finally terminates into Upper Gangavathi Channel ( Vijayanagara Channel) in Ayodhya village D-17 takes off from the main canal perpendicularly as a ridge canal and the flow into the distributary is regulated through system of 2 gated valve with the opening raised or lowered using screw rods The net command area under D-17 is 3954 ha D-17 constitutes of the main distributary canal and 3 sub-distributaries, namely: D-17 running for a length of 14.90 km with command area of 2,662.5 ha and 44 POs D-17/13 running for a length of 0.85 km with command area of 180.4 ha and 1 PO D-17/14 running for a length of 4.61 km with command area of 263.4 ha and 10 POs D-17/16 running for a length of 4.6 km with command area of 848.1 ha and 20 POs The command area of D-17 have been constituted into 6 WUCSs off which 4 WUCSs have already been registered by the TLBC CADA while the other 2 WUCS are still being constituted Out of the 4 registered WUCSs, only 2 WUCSs are functional (both at upper reach of the distributary) while the other 2 WUCSs are dysfunctional

48. Profile of Distributary 17 TLBC Original localization-based design cropping pattern for D-17 and the 3 sub-distributaries (in ha) Distributary No. Sugar Cane Garden Paddy Kharif Light Rabi Light Cotton Total D-17 749.71 317.18 497.46 492.95 491.67 112.63 2,662.48 D-17/13 0.41 0.41 0.41 77.05 89.97 13.09 180.36 D-17/14 0.41 73.37 0.41 79.45 80.64 29.69 263.40 D-17/16 791.54 40.53 0.41 7.83 8.22 0.41 848.11 Total D-17 1,541.25 431.08 497.46 657.27 670.50 155.41 3,954.34 However, currently most of the D-17 and 3 sub-distributaries command area farms are under paddy rice cultivation in both Kharif and Rabi seasons with a stray scattering of other crops such as sugarcane and garden crops, which is estimated to be less than 5% of the total command area A consequence of this large-scale shift in cropping pattern overwhelmingly towards paddy rice in both Kharif and Rabi seasons is that D-17 and its 3 sub-distributaries now require and demand irrigation water far in excess of what is its original designed allocation This shift in cropping pattern to paddy rice is common in all upper and middle reach distributaries of TLBC At the TLBC command area level, this has led to a highly inequitable distribution of irrigation supply with distributaries in the lower reaches and tail-end of the main canal either receiving scant or no irrigation supply at all

49. Canal Layout Map of TLBC Distributary 17 and Three Sub-distributaries

50. Current Level of Irrigation Services in D-17 The level of irrigation service in D-17 and its 3 sub-distributaries is reasonably good with reportedly ample to excess irrigation water supply for the paddy rice cropping pattern practiced covering the entire command area in both Kharif and Rabi seasons The irrigation supply to D-17 and its 3 sub-distributaries is significantly higher than its original allocation derived from its respective localization-based designed cropping pattern since most of the command area has switched to cultivating paddy rice in both Kharif and Rabi seasons The crop water productivity (CWP) assessment using the PySEBAL model for D-17 and its 3 sub-distributary command area for the periods December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) and June to December 2022 (Kharif season) show that the overall deficit of irrigation water supply (RWD) is very low in both seasons The assessment of crop water consumption and deficit for paddy rice using the PySEBAL model confirms the field observations that D-17 and its three sub-distributary command area received more than adequate or even excess irrigation water supply, resulting in the emerging problem of soil salinity and waterlogging

51. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 The input datasets used to run the PySEBAL model for CWP assessment: Digital Elevation Model (SRTM 30 m spatial resolution) Landsat Images (spatial resolution - 30 m) GLDAS weather data - daily and 3 hourly (spatial resolution - 27 km) Pressure Temperature Shortwave Radiation Wind Speed Specific Humidity Relative Humidity Hydro Soil Data (spatial resolution – 250 m) Saturated Soil Moisture Content ( WCrsat ) Residual Soil Moisture Content ( Wcres ) Field Capacity (WCpF2) Wilting Point (WCp4.2)

52. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi Season) Crop Type Mapping The December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) assessment is carried out over an area of 3,461 ha. Based on the information gathered during the field visit to D-17 and its three sub-distributaries, an overwhelmingly about 95% of the command area cultivated was sown under paddy crop.

53. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Pixel Based Actual ETa (mm) for Paddy Rice in T-17 Command Area ETa measured in the D-17 command area ranges from a low of 228.52 mm to a high of 705.03 mm with an average of 574.90 mm and a coefficient of variation of 5.83%. Together, D-17 command area consumed 19.90 MCM of water through ETa during the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season).

54. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Histogram Distribution of Paddy Rice ETa in D-17 Command Area The histogram distribution of the ETa measured in the D-17 command area shows a skewed shape towards higher ETa (median value = 581.51 mm). A large number of pixels are found to have ETa around 585 mm with a steep decline towards higher ETa . In contrast, a gentler slope is observed towards lower ETa .

55. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Decile Class Distribution of Paddy Rice ETa (mm) in D-17 Command Area A comparison of the decile values of the ETa measured shows that the width of the lowest and the topmost decile are comparatively larger than the width of the middle eight decile classes, especially the lowest decile class which has a width of 306 mm while the remaining nine decile classes have a combined width of 170 mm. This indicates that large areas of the D-17 command area with high ETa are near “saturated” and that they have adequate water, probably more than enough, to consume. Some other areas with very low ETa , in contrast, may experience various levels of water stress.

56. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Pixel Based Relative Water Deficit (%) for Paddy Rice in T-17 Command Area RWD measured in the D-17 command area ranges from a minimum of -0.13% to a maximum of 0.63% with an average of 0.08% and a coefficient of variation of 66.43%. This indicates that the highest RWD is only 4.5 mm and the lowest is actually negative at -0.29 mm with an average RWD of 0.5 mm in the D-17 command area for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season).

57. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Histogram Distribution of Paddy Rice Relative Water Deficit in D-17 Command Area The histogram distribution of the RWD shows a skewed shape towards lower RWD (median value = 0.07%). A large number of pixels are found to have RWD around 0.06% with a gentler decline towards higher RWD. In contrast, a steeper slope is observed towards lower RWD. In D-17 command area for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) overall deficit of irrigation water supply is very low. In fact, the negative and very low values of RWD measured for a large number of pixels indicate that there may be more than adequate or even excess irrigation water supply in D-17 supporting observations made during the field visits of emerging problem of soil salinity and waterlogging in the in D-17 command area.

58. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Pixel Based Crop Yield (kg/ha) for Paddy Rice in D-17 Command Area The crop yield for paddy rice measured for D-17 command area for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) ranges from a minimum of 0.46 tons/ha to a maximum of 5.05 tons/ha with an average of 3.77 tons/ha and a coefficient of variation of 14.18%. This is comparatively lower than the crop yield for paddy rice measured for the TLBC command area as a whole, which is reported as an average yield of 6.5 ton/ha with a co-efficient of variation of 12.3%.

59. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Decile Class Distribution of Crop Yield (Tons/ha) for Paddy Rice in D-17 Command Area Comparison of the decile class values of crop yield measured for D-17 command area for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) shows that the width of the lowest decile (2.67 tons/ha) is comparatively larger than the width of other nine decile classes (1.92 tons/ha), which are more or less flat. This indicates that there are certain fields in D-17 command area that show significantly lower crop yield for paddy rice than the rest of the command area for the study period. It also indicated that the crop yield for paddy rice in the topmost decile of D-17 command area for the study period is more than 60% higher than the crop yield for paddy rice for the lowest decile, while the maximum crop yield for paddy rice achieved is nearly 11 times higher than the minimum crop yield for paddy rice measured.

60. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Pixel Based CWP (kg/m 3 ) for Paddy Rice in T-17 Command Area The CWP for paddy rice measured for D-17 command area for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) ranges from a minimum of 0.072 kg/m 3 to a maximum of 1.132 kg/m 3 with an average of 0.657 kg/m 3 and a coefficient of variation of 13.91%. This is comparatively less than half than the CWP for paddy rice measured for the whole TLBC command area using the PySEBAL model, which reports an average CWP of 1.47 kg/m 3 with a coefficient of variation of 13.6%.

61. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Histogram Distribution of CWP for Paddy Rice in D-17 Command Area The histogram distribution of the CWP for paddy rice shows a more-or-less normal distribution with even slopes towards both lower and higher CWP (median value = 0.57 kg/m 3 ) with a large number of pixels having CWP around 0.6 kg/m 3 .

62. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Decile Class Distribution of CWP (kg/m 3 ) for Paddy Rice in D-17 Command Area A comparison of the decile class values of CWP for paddy rice shows that the width of the lowest and the topmost decile are comparatively larger than the width of the middle eight decile classes. The lowest decile class has a width of 0.476 kg/m 3 while the topmost decile class has a width of 0.361 kg/m 3 . On the other hand, the middle eight decile classes together have a width of 0.223 kg/m 3 . This indicates that while some areas in the D-17 command area show comparatively significantly lower (10% of the average) or higher (170% of the average) CWP for paddy rice for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season), most of the remaining areas show CWP for paddy rice within a range of +/- 12% of the average value.

63. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Implication on Irrigation Service Delivery in D-17 The study analysis indicates that in D-17 command area, for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season), overall deficit of irrigation water supply is very low and that negative and very low values of RWD measured for a large number of pixels also indicate that there may be more than adequate or even excess irrigation water supply in D-17 command area for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season). A comparative distribution of the RWD and CWP for paddy rice in D-17 command area for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) is carried out through a scatter diagram analysis. The scatter diagram shows that there is a positive correlation between the two parameters RWD and CWP as indicated by the trendline. So, while low RWD is associated with low CWP and vice-versa, yet some of the lowest CWP is shown by the pixels which have negative or extremely low RWD. Since the overall RWD measured for paddy rice in D-17 command area for the period December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) is itself very low, it is evident that more irrigation water supply is not necessarily leading to higher CWP. So to optimize CWP in the D-17 command area it is necessary to control irrigation services better leading to improved management of crop water consumption and deficit.

64. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Scatter Diagram Analysis of RWD (%) and CWP (kg/m3) for Paddy Rice in D-17 Command Area

65. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Similar CWP assessment was carried out for D-17 for the period June to December 2022 (Kharif season). The June to December 2022 (Kharif season) assessment is carried out over an area of 3,671 ha. Based on the information gathered during the field visit to D-17 and its three sub-distributaries, an overwhelmingly about 95% of the command area cultivated was sown under paddy crop. The study analysis indicates that in D-17 command area for the period June to December 2022 (Kharif season), overall deficit of irrigation water supply is very low and that negative and very low values of RWD measured for a large number of pixels also indicate that there may be more than adequate or even excess irrigation water supply in D-17 command area for the period. A comparative distribution of the RWD and CWP for paddy rice in D-17 and its three sub-distributary command area for the period June to December 2022 (Kharif season) is carried out through a scatter diagram analysis. The scatter diagram shows that there is a negative correlation between the two parameters RWD and CWP as indicated by the trendline. So, while low RWD is associated with high CWP and vice-versa, yet some of the lowest CWP is shown by the pixels which have negative or extremely low RWD. Since the overall RWD measured for paddy rice in D-17 command area for the period June to December 2022 (Kharif season) is itself very low, it is evident that more irrigation water supply is not necessarily leading to higher CWP. So, to optimize CWP in D-17 command area it is necessary to control irrigation services better leading to improved management of crop water consumption and deficit.

66. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 Scatter Diagram Analysis of RWD (%) and CWP (kg/m3) for Paddy Rice in D-17 Command Area

67. Crop Water Productivity Assessment of D-17 The conclusion that may be drawn from the crop water productivity assessment for D-17 command area for the periods December 2021 to March 2022 (Rabi season) and June to December 2022 (Kharif season) is that in both seasons the average CWP for paddy rice measured is comparatively less than that measured for the entire TLBC command area. At the same time, the overall deficit of irrigation water supply (RWD) is very low in both seasons, lower than the average ET deficit of 14.5 mm measured for the entire TLBC command area. Hence, the assessment of crop water consumption and deficit for paddy rice using the PySEBAL model confirms the field observations that D-17 command area received more than adequate or even excess irrigation water supply, resulting in the emerging problem of soil salinity and waterlogging. Correcting this problem of more than adequate or even excess irrigation water supply in D-17 command area requires better control of irrigation supply through improved MOM and irrigation service. Conclusions from the CWP Assessment for AMP

68. Asset Management Plan for D-17 D-17 and its 3 sub-distributaries have the following hydraulic structures as assets in the irrigation system: TLBC Main Canal - since the asset management planning pilot is focused on the D-17 irrigation system, the TLBC main canal is not included in the asset appraisal exercise or the asset management plan Distributary 17 Take-Off with Gated Valve Distributary 17 and Sub-distributary Canals Sub-distributary Take-offs with Gated Valves Pipe Outlets Drop Structures in the Canal - It was not possible to carry out an asset appraisal and survey of the drop structures as they were all submerged in the irrigation water flowing in D-17 and its sub-distributary canals at the time of field data collection and field visits Asset Mapping and Survey

69. Asset Management Plan for D-17 As can be observed from the two photographs of the D-17 take-off with gated valve above, the structures are in reasonably good condition with the flow into D-17 canal regulated functionally by the gated valve with the screw rods However, immediately after the take-off structure, the D-17 canal shows massive breaching of the canal lining with can become a threat due to back seepage under the main canal bund into which the take-off structure is embedded Distributary 17 Take-Off with Gated Valve

70. Asset Management Plan for D-17 D-17 and its 3 sub-distributary canals were concrete lined in 2009 by KNNL Since then, no significant maintenance works has been taken up on the canals Periodic removal of silt and vegetation clearance in the canal is the responsibility of the concerned gangmen , who take it up as necessary An inspection of the length of the distributary and sub-distributary canals showed that the concrete lining is in mostly good condition in the upper and middle reaches although there are certain sections that have breaches which can lead to more damages unless repair works are taken up Distributary 17 and Sub-distributary Canals – Upper and Middle Reaches

71. Asset Management Plan for D-17 D-17 canal length in the lower reaches, especially in the tail-ends is in rather poor condition with significant breaches in the canal lining and large-scale vegetation growth In fact, in some of the canal lengths in this reach, vegetation growth is so thick that it is difficult to make out the canal itself and irrigation water flow is majorly constricted The vegetation growth has also damaged the canal lining in many places and stretches are now like unlined canals Distributary 17 and Sub-distributary Canals – Lower Reaches and Tail-end

72. Asset Management Plan for D-17 The 3 sub-distributaries of D-17 are regulated through systems of gated valve with the opening raised or lowered using screw rods While the take-offs to D-17/13 and D-17/16 are structures with a single gated valve and screw rod, the take-off to D-17/14 is a structure with two gated valve and two screw The take-off gates for D-17/13 and D-17/14 are located on their respective sub-distributary canal heads embedded in D-17 canal walls, the take-off gate for D-17/16 is actually located across the D-17 canal a few metres down flow from the point from where D-17/16 canal emerges out of D-17 canal The take-off gates to all 3 sub-distributaries are in fairly good condition and regular and periodic maintenance is only required for them to function properly Sub-distributary Take-offs with Gated Valves

73. Asset Management Plan for D-17 D-17 consists of a total of 75 pipe outlets with D-17 having 44 POs; D-17/13 having 1 PO; D-17/14 having 10 POs; and D-17/16 having 20 POs All POs have a single gated valve structure with screw rod to raise and lower the gate embedded in the canal walls with a outlet pipe of 300mm diameter buried under the canal bund linking the PO to its irrigation field channel Though all the POs have a same dimension of 300 mm diameter pipe, they have different designed discharge capacity as per designed water head in the canal at the off take point The condition of the POs varies vastly from very poor condition to fairly good condition: POs with no structure existing POs with no take-off gated valve structure with screw rod POs with the masonry works and earthwork damaged POs with damaged and leaking pipes POs which have leakage even with the gate closed POs with damaged irrigation field channels resulting in pooling around the PO pipe outlet Pipe Outlets

74. Asset Management Plan for D-17 Pipe Outlets PO in Good Physical and Functional Condition PO with Masonry Work Damage PO with Canal Lining Damage PO with Surrounding Earthwork Damage PO Without Gated Valve Structure PO Without Any Structure POs with Pooling of Water Around the Pipe Outlet PO Without Gated Valve Structure

75. Asset Management Plan for D-17 The asset condition appraisal grades the D-17 take-off gate, the sub-distributary take-offs gates and the upper and middle reaches of the D-17 and 3 sub-distributary canals to good condition The asset condition appraisal grades the lower reaches of the D-17 canal to very poor condition 46 numbers of POs are graded to very poor or poor asset condition, while the remaining 29 POs are graded to fair condition Asset Condition Appraisal for D-17 and Its 3 Sub-distributaries Condition Grade Distributary 17 Take-Off Gate Distributary 17 and Sub-distributary Canals Sub-distributary Take-offs Gate Pipe Outlets 5 - Very Good 4 - Good 1 Upper and middle reaches of the D-17 and 3 sub-distributary canals. Certain sections lining breaches and vegetation growth which needs to be repaired D-17/13 D-17/14 D-17/16 3 - Fair 29 POs 2 - Poor 4 POs 1 - Very Poor Lower reaches of the D-17 canal with significant breaches in the canal lining and large-scale vegetation growth 42 POs

76. Asset Management Plan for D-17 The asset performance appraisal grades the D-17 take-off gate, the sub-distributary take-offs gates and the upper and middle reaches of the D-17 and 3 sub-distributary canals to good performance The asset performance appraisal grades the lower reaches of the D-17 canal to very poor performance 46 numbers of POs are graded to very poor or poor asset performance, while the remaining 29 POs are graded to fair performance Asset Performance Appraisal for D-17 and Its 3 Sub-distributaries Performance Grade Distributary 17 Take-Off Gate Distributary 17 and Sub-distributary Canals Sub-distributary Take-offs Gate Pipe Outlets 5 - Very Good 4 - Good 1 Upper and middle reaches of the D-17 and 3 sub-distributary canals Irrigation water flows freely without any constriction D-17/13 D-17/14 D-17/16 3 - Fair 29 POs 2 - Poor 4 POs 1 - Very Poor Lower reaches of the D-17 canal with free flow of irrigation water heavily constricted due to breach in lining and large-scale vegetation growth 42 POs

77. Asset Management Plan for D-17 The asset serviceability appraisal shows that D-17 take-off gate, upper and middle reaches of D-17 and 3 sub-distributary canals and D-17/13; D-17/14; and D-17/16 distributary gates are in good serviceability levels The lower reaches of the D-17 canal and 46 POs are in poor/ very poor serviceability levels requiring immediate emergency maintenance to either repair or replace the asset Asset Serviceability Appraisal for D-17 and Its 3 Sub-distributaries Asset Category Numbers Asset Serviceability Level Condition Grade Performance Grade D-17 Take-off gate 1 80 4 4 Upper and middle reaches of the D-17 and 3 sub-distributary canals 1 + 3 80 4 4 Lower reaches of the D-17 canal 1 1 1 D-17/13; D-17/14; and D-17/16 distributary gates 3 80 4 4 POs 29 50 3 3 POs 4 20 2 2 POs 42 1 1

78. Asset Management Plan for D-17 Asset Category Numbers Level of Asset Serviceability Year - 1 Year - 2 Year - 3 Year - 4 Year - 5 PO (Very Poor) 42 EM to repair/ replace to design standards of condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 PO (Poor) 4 20 CM to repair to design standards of condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 PO (Fair) 29 50 CM to repair to design standards of condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1

79. Asset Management Plan for D-17 Asset Category Numbers Level of Asset Serviceability Year - 1 Year - 2 Year - 3 Year - 4 Year - 5 Lower reaches of the D-17 canal 1 20 CM to repair to design standards of condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 CM to repair to design standards of condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 D-17 Take-off gate 1 80 PM to improve to condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 D-17/13 distributary gates 1 80 PM to improve to condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1

80. Asset Management Plan for D-17 Asset Category Numbers Level of Asset Serviceability Year - 1 Year - 2 Year - 3 Year - 4 Year - 5 D-17/14 distributary gates 1 80 PM to improve to condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 D-17/16 distributary gates 1 80 PM to improve to condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 Upper and middle reaches of the D-17 canal 1 80 PM to improve to condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1

81. Asset Management Plan for D-17 Asset Category Numbers Level of Asset Serviceability Year - 1 Year - 2 Year - 3 Year - 4 Year - 5 D-17/13 sub-distributary canals 1 80 PM to improve to condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 D-17/14 sub-distributary canals 1 80 PM to improve to condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 D-17/16 sub-distributary canals 1 80 PM to improve to condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM / PM to maintain condition grade 1 and performance grade 1 RM - Routine Maintenance/ PM - Periodic Maintenance/ CM - Corrective Maintenance/ EM - Emergency Maintenance

82. Asset Management Plan for D-17 Rationalizing the level of irrigation service supply to D-17 command area requires that a good functional hydraulic system is in place which allows on demand regulation and management of irrigation supply This is possible only when the hydraulic assets in the D-17 system are maintained at their applicable structural standards and quality specifications to maintain asset condition of grade 1 and asset performance of grade 1 The AMP for D-17 provides an asset wise maintenance works implementation schedule and timeline over a period of 5 years Based on this AMP, the maintenance plan for the D-17 may be developed by preparing a Detailed Project Report (DPR) The DPR will require carrying out of detailed engineering survey and investigation of each asset and then preparing the detailed design as per the structural standards and quality specifications for the asset to upgrade to an asset condition of grade 1 and an asset performance of grade 1 Once the detailed engineering investigations and designs are completed, the cost estimates may be prepared using the applicable Standard Schedule of Rates (SSR) of the KNNL After upgrading the assets to the structural standards and quality specifications for asset condition of grade 1 and an asset performance of grade 1, regular and periodic maintenance works may be scheduled on a yearly basis to ensure that the assets are maintained and operated at the structural standards and quality specifications for asset condition of grade 1 and an asset performance of grade 1 Adequate budgets to take up these regular and periodic maintenance works may need to be allocated on an annual basis

83. References Burton M.A., Kingdom W.D. and Welch J.W. 1996. Strategic investment planning for irrigation The "Asset Management" approach. Irrigation and Drainage Systems, Vol. 10, pp.207-226, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands. Burton, M. A. 2000. Using Asset Management Techniques for Condition and Performance Assessment of Irrigation and Drainage Infrastructure. Maintain Thematic Paper 8. GTZ, Eschborn Germany. Burton, M. A. 2003. Asset management procedures for irrigation and drainage systems: Guidelines. ICID-CIID, New Delhi, India. IIS. 1995. Asset management procedures for irrigation schemes - preliminary guidelines for the preparation of an asset management plan for irrigation infrastructure. Institute of Irrigation Studies, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. SCWRLI, 2012. Guidelines for management of irrigation infrastructure by WUA Kyrgyz (Draft). State Committee for Water Resources and Land Improvement, Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek. United Nations, 2021. Managing Infrastructure Assets for Sustainable Development: A Handbook for Local and National Governments. United Nations, New York.