amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & Gehrig's disease & moror neuron disease

Gehrig's disease ALS motor neurone disease (MND), or Lou Gehrig's disease, is a specific disease which causes the death of neurons controlling voluntary muscles.

1. By: Mustafa Jamal

2. Lou Gehrig was an American baseball Stephen William Hawking with his wife

3. Stephen William Hawking was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death Professor Stephen William Hawking was born on 8th January 1942 in Oxford, England. he passed away on 14 March 2018.

4. Stephen diagnosed with ALS shortly after his 21st birthday, a type of motor neurone disease which would eventually cost him almost all neuromuscular control. Although doctors predicted (incorrectly, as it turned out) that Hawking would not survive more than two or three years,(but he lived for 55 years) he did gradually lose the use of his arms, legs and voice, until he was almost completely paralysed .

5. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ALS A -Amyotrophic---None-Negative Meaning. L -Lateral---Meaning of nerves in spinal cord. S -Sclerosis---Meaning of muscle stiffness

6. (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease, is characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motor neurons, which leads to muscle weakness and eventual paralysis. Body affected by this disease but Mind and memory won’t be affected

7. Symptoms asymmetric symptoms, consisting of cramps, weakness, and muscle atrophy of the hands (most commonly) or feet Difficulty walking or doing your normal daily activities Tripping and falling difficulty in speech and swallowing twitching in arms, shoulders and tongue Difficulty holding your head up or keeping good position

8. Causes ALS is inherited in 5-10 % of cases, while the rest have no known cause. Researchers are studying several possible causes of ALS, including: Gene mutation. can lead to inherited ALS, which causes nearly the same symptoms as the noninherited form. Chemical imbalance. People with ALS generally have higher than normal levels of glutamate , a chemical messenger in the brain, around the nerve cells in their spinal fluid. Too much glutamate is known to be toxic to some nerve cells. Disorganized immune response. Sometimes a person's immune system begins attacking some of his or her body's own normal cells, which may lead to the death of nerve cells. Protein mishandling. Mishandled proteins within the nerve cells may lead to a gradual accumulation of abnormal forms of these proteins in the cells, destroying the nerve cells.

9. Risk factors Heredity. Familial ALS, their children have chance 50% Age. ALS risk increases with age, and is most common between the ages of 40 and 60. Sex. Before the age of 65, slightly more men than women develop ALS. This sex difference disappears after age 70. smoking Smoking is the only likely environmental risk factor for ALS. The risk seems to be greatest for women, particularly after menopause.

10. Complications Breathing problems Speaking problems Eating problems Dementia

11. Diagnosis -Electromyogram (EMG) -(MRI) of the brain and, if no cranial nerve involvement, cervical spine -Nerve Response Speed Test(NCV) -Spinal tap (lumbar puncture). -Muscle biopsy. -Blood and urine tests.

12. Treatment Treatments can't reverse the damage of ALS, but they can slow the progression of symptoms Supportive care Riluzole reducing levels of a chemical messenger in the brain (glutamate) that's often present in higher levels in people with ALS. Riluzole is taken as a pill and may cause side effects such as dizziness, gastrointestinal conditions and liver function changes. Edaravone (Radicava) — The FDA approved edaravone in 2017 based on six-month clinical trial that showed it reduced the decline in daily functioning associated with ALS. Physicians can also prescribe medications to help manage symptoms of ALS, including muscle cramps, stiffness, excess saliva and phlegm, and the pseudobulbar affect

13. İCE BUCKET CHALLENGE To raise awareness to ALS disease ,İce bucket challenge is the action that includes pouring down a bucket of water filled with ice Since July 29, 2014, The ALS Association has received $115 million in donations!

14. https://www.nature.com/articles/nrdp201771 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022 https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/peripheral-nervous-system-and-motor-unit-disorders/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als-and-other-motor-neuron-diseases-mnds http://lougehrigs.tumblr.com/post/22791632429/normal-glutamate-regulation-when-nerve-cells https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/Patient-Caregiver-Education/Fact-Sheets/Amyotrophic-Lateral-Sclerosis-ALS-Fact-Sheet References