An aquaculture remote pH monitoring system.pptx

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1. AN AQUACULTURE REMOTE PH MONITORING SYSTEM: DESIGN AND VALIDATION By: C HUKWU, CHIMDI OGBONNAYA (G2015/MENG/ELECT/FT/638 ) SUPERVISED BY: Dr. ( M rs.) S. I. ORAKWUE

2. I ntroduction Agriculture in any society provides avenues for food security and revenue generation . The need for multiple income streams has led to fish farming. Many people find themselves in the business of fish farming with expectations of breaking even as early as possible while starting with very little business capital.

3. I ntroduction Farmers would like to cut cost by running a minimal payroll while trying to maximize profit from production. Adult fish size is a reflection of its environmental history in a fish’s life while growing up. The bigger the size of adult fish translates to higher prices per fish . High water quality is an essential and contributory factor to a fish farm’s success (Towers, 2014).

4. Statement of Problems Sudden changes in pH levels in catfish fingerlings environments can cause poor physiological development and possibly death (Towers, 2014). Catfish are vulnerable in acidic conditions (Mustapha & Mohammed, 2018) and alkaline conditions (Tucker & D’Abramo , 2008) on adult catfish.

5. Statement of Problems Keeping the starting and running cost of a fish farm to minimum can be difficult. Works by (Zhang et al., 2011) and ( Ramya et al., 2015) used SMS messaging as a means of alert sending. The procurement of new equipment such as transmitters and receivers would add to cost. Such as the case of Zig-Bee technology used in the work done by (Zhang et al., 2011 ). To the alternative, IEEE 802.11x is IP addressable and can work with just the monitoring device and a phone.

6. Aim of this work This work looks to develop a remote monitoring system which will serve as a proof of concept for an operational platform for the vivid and accurate determination of pH levels in an observed real-life system of a fish farm.

7. Objectives of this work Developing an electronic Sensor System that senses and captures the pH level information. Transmission of captured data to a receiver device on request, via an IEEE 802.11x wireless link. Alerts of critical values of observed parameters should be able to be reported via email to appropriate receiver devices

8. Scope of this work This work revolves around the design and validation of remote pH monitoring system solution.

9. Significance of this Work Increasing awareness of instantaneous pH levels and possible spikes in pH levels. Improving chances of good harvests on fingerlings investment This work would help provide feedback in the form of email alerts when in unsuited conditions. A reasonable room for expansion of pond numbers while maintaining the farm’s staff strength. Provision of a platform which can help in making a better-informed decision as regards farm management and administration .

10. Case study Fig. 1: A fish tank with catfish fingerlings Fig. 2: A fish tank with catfish fingerlings The University of Port Harcourt Demonstration Farm, Choba , Rivers State The fishery section was focused on in course of this work.

11. Research Methodolgy This work employed the Top-down Paradigm as the research method of choice. This is because the system designed is made up of various components – Hardware, Software, and WLAN.

12. Hardware Components pH measuring probe (Model E-201-C) The logo- rnaenaor pH sensor module PHPoC Blue microcontroller Personal Computer Remote monitoring device/Gateway Software Components Microsoft Windows 8.1 Operating System PHPoC Debugger IDE Firefox Browser Chemical materials pH tablets (pH 4, pH 7 , and pH 9.2 ) pH Reagent Distilled Water

13. Methods used Components assembly and configuration Calibration of sensing unit Email system setup Real life pH sensing unit testing from fish tank water samples for 10 working days Manual pH measurement of test samples

14. Components Assembly Fig. 3: Block Diagram of the MCU System Fig. 4: pH Sensing Unit represented by the pH sensor module and P4S-342

15. Calibration of Sensing Unit pH 4 Voltage Reading pH 7 Voltage Reading pH 9.2 Voltage Reading 4.342041 3.676758 3.106689 4.420166 3.73291 3.106689 4.467773 3.737793 3.105469 4.455566 3.708496 3.106689 4.44458 3.684082 3.106689 4.423828 3.673096 3.106689 4.422607 3.682861 3.10791 4.553223 3.710938 3.10791 4.482422 3.741455 3.106689 4.504395 3.71582 3.106689 4.418945 3.648682 3.10791 4.418945 3.635254 3.106689 Average pH 4.445800667 3.705376556 3.106892583 NOTE: Details of the calibration process and calculation can be found in the report in section 3.4.2 p.26-32 Fig. 5: Three containers of buffer solution (pH 4, 7, and 9.2) and pH probe immersed in distilled water Table 1: The voltage readings gotten from the buffers 4, 7, and 9.2 solution

16. Email Alert Sub-system Fig. 6: A flowchart showing the decisions and action taken by the microcontroller for emails to be sent Fig. 7: An image of the pH chart used in conjunction with the pH reagent

17. Results and discussion A functional prototype was designed with the integration of pH monitoring and alert subsystems. The system operates in a WLAN which is made up of IP addressable devices – microcontroller, remote monitoring device/gateway. Fig. 8: A network diagram of the pH monitoring system

18. Results and discussion Fig. 9: Real-time remote pH value display from the buffer 4 solution Fig. 10: Real-time remote pH value display from the buffer 7 solution

19. Results and discussion Fig. 11: Real-time remote pH value display from the buffer 7 solution

20. Results and discussion Validation The system was validated by comparing pH readings gotten using the designed pH monitoring system with the outcome of manual tests using the pH reagent. The values gotten each day for the 2 working weeks can be seen in Table 2 and Fig. 12.

21. Results and discussion Sample Day Date pH Measurement Electronic Approach Traditional Approach 1 08-10-2018 6.3 6.6 2 09-10-2018 6.4 6.6 3 10-10-2018 6.7 6.6 4 11-10-2018 6.4 6.6 5 12-10-2018 6.4 6.6 6 15-10-2018 6.5 6.6 7 16-10-2018 6.4 6.6 8 17-10-2018 6.4 6.6 9 18-10-2018 6.5 6.6 10 19-10-2018 6.4 6.6 Table 2: Comparison between electronic and traditional pH measurement approaches Fig. 12: The relative error of pH values of water samples taken on various days

22. Results and discussion Items/Materials Quantity Unit Cost(₦) Price(₦) PHPoC Microcontroller 1 25,000 25,000 pH Measurement Kit 1 20,000 20,000 pH Buffer Tablets 3 500 1,500 pH Reagent 1 1,500 1,500 Distilled Water 1 Litre 200 200 Internet Subscription 2 Month 2,000 1,000 TOTAL 50,200 Fig. 13: An email alert received from the pH monitoring system Table 3: Itemized cost of research components

23. Limitations of this work Cost of equipment Difficulty in accessing resource materials Unavailability of simulation tools

24. Conclusion Developing a system for remote pH monitoring founded on microcontroller-based sensing for real-time situation access and report is achievable

25. Recommendations Possible fabrication of the designed system for deployment Review of this work in the future for developing a more robust system to handle large data traffic and a many fish tanks Other network connectivity options can be explored, such as intelligent mesh and 5G network connectivity which have inherent very high connection speeds and support for the Internet of Things ( IoT ) (Cohen, 2016 ). Future inclusion of DBMS for easy access to stored fish tan data The use of a more rugged and submersible pH probe in future works

26. Contribution to knowledge A workable system for pH observation with a supportive bias to catfish survival Establishment of email ability for agricultural applications and notification Overall, a proof of concept for an easily scalable system has been achieved (both with horizontal and vertical scalability).

27. Publication from this work Chukwu C., Orakwue S. I. (2018). Design of a Low-cost Remote Monitoring System for Nigerian Aquaculture using Wi-Fi and on-chip Web Server. Uniport Journal of Engineering and Scientific Research (UJESR), 2(1), p . 59-63 .

28. References Cohen, D. (2016, 09 13). 5G and the IoT : 5 Trends and Implications . Retrieved 11 09, 2017, from Microwave Journal: http:// www.microwavejournal.com/articles/27058-g-and-the-iot-5-trends-and-implications Ramya , V., Balaji , V., & Akilan , T. (2015). A Web based Observance and Alerting for Underground and Fish Pond Water Quality. International Journal of Computer Applications, 110 (5). doi:0975 – 8887 Towers, L. (2014, June 23). Water Quality Monitoring and Management for Catfish Ponds. Retrieved from The Fish Site: https://thefishsite.com/articles/water-quality-monitoring-and-management-for-catfish-ponds Tucker , C. S., & D'Abramo , L. R. (2008). Managing High pH in Freshwater Ponds. Mississippi: SRAC Publication . Zhang , M., Li, D., Wang, L., & MaQishe , D. (2011). Design and Development of Water Quality Monitoring System Based on Wireless Sensor Network in Aquaculture. CCTA 2010. 347 , pp. 629-641. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. doi:https ://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18369-0_76

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