An innovative specialty cement has been created using unique ingredients in the cement

An innovative specialty cement has been created using unique ingredients in the cement

1. An innovative specialty cement has been created using unique ingredients in the cement Presented by Mr. M. Hari Krishna (23PHD0722) A Presentation on

2. CONTENTS Objectives of study History of cement Chemical composition of cement Manufacturing process of cement Water requirement of hydration of cement Types of cement Different types of tests on cement Know the grade of cement and its compressive strength Summary & Conclusions Reference

3. The main objective of this study is to learn about the properties that ensure the quality and reliability of cement, as it directly affects the structural integrity of infrastructure projects such as buildings, bridges, and roads. These objectives aim to position the speciality cement as a superior and sustainable alternative in the construction industry. To be aware of one of the miracles in the world, Nowadays cement is the second consumption material. If we want to understand the chemistry involved in using cement, it can help to visualize the bonding that occurs between particles. Objectives of study

4. History of cement

5. History of cement (cont..,)

6. Chemical composition of cement As per BIS, Approximate Oxide Composition Limits of OPC Cement and hydration of Portland cement can be schematically represented as below

7. The manufacturing process of cement 1. Manufacture of Portland Cement The raw materials required for the manufacture of Portland cement are calcareous materials, such as limestone or chalk, and argillaceous materials such as shale or clay.

8. The manufacturing process of cement (cont..,)

9. Water requirement of hydration of cement It has been brought out earlier that C3S requires 24% of water by weight of cement and C2S requires 21%. It has also been estimated that on average 23% of water by weight of cement is required for chemical reaction with Portland cement compounds. This 23% of water chemically combines with cement and, therefore, is called bound water . A certain quantity of water is imbibed within the gel pores. This water is known as gel water. It has been further estimated that about 15% by weight of cement is required to fill up the gel pores. Therefore, a total of 38% of water by weight of cement is required for the complete chemical reactions and to occupy the space within gel pores. OPC ( Bogue’s Compounds ) + H 2 O C-S-H + Ca(OH) 2   Bogue’s Compounds WATER C-S-H Ca(OH) 2

10. Types of cement Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) Rapid Hardening Cement Extra Rapid Hardening Cement Sulphate Resisting Cement Portland Slag Cement (PSC) Quick Setting Cement Super Sulphated Cement Low Heat Cement Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) Air-Entraining Cement Coloured Cement (White Cement) Hydrophobic cement Masonry Cement Expansive Cement IRS-T 40 Special Grade Cement Oil-Well Cement Rediset Cement High Alumina Cement Increase Decrease C 3 S C 4 AF C 2 S C 3 A

11. Types of cement (Cont.,) In most cases, people have used the following cement other than the OPC cement which is available in different compositions/functions . Cement WATER C-S-H Ca(OH) 2 Ca(OH) 2 WATER Fly ash C-S-H OPC PPC Ca(OH) 2 WATER GGBS C-S-H PSC

12. Types of cement (Cont.,) RHC SRC C 3 A C 4 AF LHC C 3 S C 3 A

13. “Why are tests conducted on cement?” Cost is more important than quality but quality is the best way to reduce cost. ( Genichi Taguchi ) Quality is everyone’s responsibility and we never have to stop getting better. ( W.E. Deming- Jimenacalfa ) Different types of tests on cement Tests on cement:- Fine ness test consistency test Initial & Final setting time test Soundness test Specific gravity test Compressive strength test Heat of hydration test Field test on cement

14. Know the grade of cement and its compressive strength Cement is available in three different grades: 33, 43, and 53. These grades represent the strength of the cement, which is measured in terms of compressive strength. Compressive strength is determined by testing the strength of a standard cube of cement after it has been cured for 28 days. If you use 33 grade of cement, it will result in a compressive strength of more than 33 N/mm 2 after 28 days of curing. why curing for cement/concrete: The proper application and supply of water to cement or concrete is essential for the curing process. Concrete must be cured properly to ensure continued hydration and development of strength, volume stability, resistance to freezing and thawing, and abrasion and scaling resistance. Adequate moisture content is necessary for proper curing.

15. Summary & Conclusions When can we consider it as good material? High-quality materials will most likely be more durable than their cheap counterparts and able to withstand wear and tear much better. Another potential benefit of using high-quality materials is that they might be more sustainable than cheaper alternatives.

16. REFERENCES Effect of alccofine and GGBS Addition on the durability of concrete: Balamuralikrishnan R and Saravanan J Vol. 5 No.6 june 2019 High Performance Concrete with Partial Replacement of Cement by ALCCOFINE & Fly Ash: Ansari U.S. , Chaudhri I.M., Ghuge N.P. and Phatangre R.RVol . 5, No.2 , Apr‐ June 2015 A Study on Compressive Behavior of Ternary Blended Concrete Incorporating Alccofine: A. Narender Reddy , T. Meena 2018 Study on Mechanical Properties of Mortar using Alccofine and Graphene Oxide Rahul Raj Kundanatia , Tanmay Malpania , V. Sairam 2022 Interpretation of mechanical study of concrete using crimped steel fibres: A. Keneth Celestine, M. Prakash, K.S Satyanarayan,T . Rajah surya , N. Parthasarathi in 4th April 2020. Durability and cementing efficiency of alccofine in concretes: K. Gayathri, Dr. K. Ravi Chandran and Dr. J .Saravanan ISS N:2278-0181 vol.5 2016. Effect on mechanical properties of industrialised steel fibres addition to normal weight concrete: Ibrahim I.S and chebakar M.B 2011

17. REFERENCES                     Cont.., A study ok n effect of partial replacement of cement by alccofine in fiber reinforced concrete : Abhishek kulakarni Dr. Anila Kumar cp Volume:6 [ 2019]. Influence of steel fibres as admix in normal concrete mix: I Siva Kishore and Ch. Mallika Chowdary 7 (1 ) [2016] PP 93-103 Effect of alccofine on strength characteristics of concrete of different grades : Malvika Gautam Dr. Hemant sood 2017 Effect of steel fibres on compressive and flexural strength of concrete: S.A Mahadik, S.K Kamane , A.C. Lande ISSN 2319-5347, Vol.03, NO.04, Oct 2014. An experimental study on partial replacement of cement with fly ash and alccofine in concrete: Shaik Dilshad and P. Siva Sankar ISSN: 2582 -1431 vol.3 Issue 3 [2021]