An Introduction to philosophy by Dinesh Singh.pptx

Introduction to philosophy by Dinesh Singh
# Indian philosophiy

1. AN INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY DINESH SINGH

2. SYNOPSIS Introduction of philosophy Branches of philosophy Types of philosophy Indian school of philosophy

3. The philosophy of one century is the common sense of the next. - Henry Ward Beecher Philosophy? Philosophy is the study of the general and fundamental nature of reality, existence, values, reason, mind, and language. दर्शनशास्त्र

4. Philosophy of Education The term philosophy has a Greek origin i.e. philosophia ; phileo = love + Sophia = wisdom The literal meaning of philosophy is “love of wisdom” or “passion of learning”

5. DEFINITION OF PHILOSOPHY Philosophy like other studies, aims at knowledge. - Bertrand Russell Philosophy signifies ‘a pearl of wisdom that would influence the conduct of life - John Dewey Philosophy is a view of life. It gives a direction to life, offers a design for living. - Dr . Radhakrishnan Philosophy as the way to access Knowledge. - Aristotle Philosophy as the ‘science of sciences’. - Coleridge

6. BranCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

7. Metaphysics Metaphysics is the study of the most general features of reality , such as existence, time, relationship between mind and body, objects and their properties, wholes and their parts, events, processes, and causation. Metaphysics is sometime split up into ◦ ontology ( the philosophy of real life and living things) ◦ the philosophy of mind ◦ the philosophy of religion

8. logic Logic is the study of principle of correct reasoning. Arguments use either deductive reasoning or inductive reasoning. Logic permeates all other branches of philosophy. A proper or reasonable way of thinking about understanding something. Logic is the analyses of primary proposition and the subsequent proposition that have led to and support a conclusion.

9. epistemology The technical term for the theory of knowledge is epistemology, which comes from Greek word episteme, meaning knowledge. Epistemology is concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge, such as the relationship between truth, belief, perception and theories of justification. Logic is a key dimension to epistemology.

10. Ethics A philosophical study on the morality(goodness or badness) of human actions(conduct). Ethics provides us a moral map, a framework that can often help us find our way through difficult issues. It seeks to guide behaviour in a way that increases good actions in society. It is divided into some branches- Meta-ethics Normative ethics Applied ethics

11. Aesthetics Aesthetics is the study of art. It includes what art consist of, as well as the purpose behind it. Aesthetics is the nature of values like beauty, nature and aesthetics experience often associated with music, art, literature, dance theatre and other fine arts. It also studies methods of evaluating art, and allow judgement of the art. Art has existed through all of recorded human history. It is unique to humans because of our unique form of thinking. Art is a little understood tool of man to bring meaning to abstract concept.

12. POLITICS Politics is ethics applied to a group of people. Politics tells us how a society must be set up and how one should act within a society. It is the study of nature and ideals of politics. This philosophy studies the concepts related to politics such as justice, freedom, equality, rights, duties, etc. It critically analyses the political principles and policies in order to examine its relevance and drawbacks for people.

13. Difference between traditional and contemporary philosophy

14. Indian school of philosophy Shankaracharya is a philosopher and theologian, the most famous exponent of Advaita Vedanta philosophy, from whose doctrines the main streams of modern Indian thought emerge. Buddha are the truth of suffering, the truth of the cause of suffering, the truth of the end of suffering, and the truth of the path that leads to the end of suffering.

15. The Vedanta Philosophy Vedanta (derived from Veda =knowledge), anta= end), literally means end or completion of knowledge. Veda is also the term that designates the ancient scriptures (shastras) of India also means ‘end of the Veda’ and in this sense can refer technically to the final sections of four-fold Vedas, so called Upanishads. Vedanta focuses on the 3 fold scriptural canon: 1. The Upanishads 2. Bhagavat Gita 3. Brahma Sutra

16. The Bhagavat G ita Literally means ‘the lords song’ i.e., the philosophical discourse of lord Krishna to persuade the reluctant Arjuna to fight. The Gita tries to build up a philosophy of karma based on jnana and supported by Bhakti in a beautiful manner. Considered to be the greatest contribution of India to the world.

17. Buddhism Buddha meaning ‘the awakened one’ or ‘the one who knows’ He serve humanity both by example and by percept. Buddhism emphasis on meditation which leads to self-control, purification and enlightenment. Self exertion plays an important part in Buddhism. Buddhism is an non-theistic philosophy whose tenets are not especially concerned with the existence or nonexistence of god. Buddha considered the world as full of misery and considered a man’s duty to seek liberation from the painful world.

18. Jainism Jainism founded by Rishabdev i.e. Adinath . It is a collection of teaching of 24 Tirthankaras. Lord Mahavira- 24 th / final Tirthankara. The term Jainism derived from the term ‘ Jin ’ meaning a person who has overpowered his sensual vices and had obtained full control over his wordly desires. Jainism lays emphasis on non-violence (ahimsa), discipline, vegetarianism, meditation, yoga, environmentalism. Jainism is the idea that reality is perceived differently from different point of view, and that no single point of view is completely true.

19. References