An Intruduction to Psychology: It's Historical development

An Introduction to Psychology Historical Development.

1. Introduction to Psychology Understanding the mind and Behaviour

2. Definition of Psychology Psychology: The scientific study of mind, behavior , and mental processes. Key elements: Thoughts, emotions, actions, perceptions. The scientific method as a foundation.

3. Psychology’s roots in philosophy (Plato, Aristotle). Emergence of psychology as a science in the 19th century. Wilhelm Wundt’s founding of the first psychology lab in 1879. The Historical Development of Psychology

4. Wilhelm Wundt: The Founder of Psychology First psychology laboratory (Leipzig, 1879). Wundt’s method: Introspection. Focus on conscious experience and its structure.

5. Schools of Psychology Or Approaches to Psychology Structuralism Functionalism Psychodynamic Cognitive Behavioral Humanistic Socio-Cultural Biological Evolutionary

6. Structuralism and Functionalism Functionalism:  William James. Emphasized the purpose of mental processes in adapting to the environment. . Structuralism:  Wundt, Titchener. Focused on breaking down mental processes into basic components.

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8. Sigmund Freud and the Psychodynamic Approach Sigmund Freud: Focus on the unconscious mind. Key concepts: Id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms. Influence on psychotherapy and counseling .

9. Focus on mental processes: Perception, memory, problem-solving. Key contributors: Jean Piaget, Aaron Beck. Cognitive- behavioral therapy (CBT). The Cognitive Approach: Understanding Mental Processes

10. John Watson, B.F. Skinner: Behaviorism . Focus on observable behavior , not mental processes. Conditioning (Classical and Operant). The Behavioral Approach: Focus on Observable Behavior

11. The Humanistic Approach: Focus on Free Will and Personal Growth Humanistic psychology, developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, focuses on free will, personal growth, and the potential for self-actualization. It emphasizes an individual’s capacity for personal development and self-improvement, with client- centered therapy being one of its key applications."

12. Focus on the brain, nervous system, and genetics. Key areas: Neurotransmitters, hormones, brain structures. Contribution of neuropsychology. The Biological Approach: The Brain and Behavior

13. The Sociocultural Approach: Influence of Society and Culture Focus on how society, culture, and environment shape behavior . Key contributors: Lev Vygotsky, Albert Bandura. Social learning theory, cultural context, and the zone of proximal development

14. CONCLUSION ion Psychology is a diverse and evolving field. The importance of different approaches in understanding human behavior . Continued advancements in psychology.

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