An Overview of Thermal Power Plant

1. A N UNIT OVERVIEW OF THERMAL POWER PLANT (KTPS V-STAGE) PRESENTATION BY G.RAKESH(107Z1A0221) K.S.S.VENKATA SATYA NAVEEN(107Z1A0222) UNDER ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF K.SWATHI

2. ABSTRACT The main aim of this project is to study the various types of electrical and mechanical equipment involved in the process of generation of Electrical power.

3. INTRODUCTION KTPS-V Station was commissioned in 1996. It was the first major thermal power station in AP. KTPS V Stage had achieved 94.5% plant load factor.

4. WORKING PRINCIPLE The thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. The coal is used as a major source of fuel. The thermal power plant works on the principle of “Rankine cycle”.

5. PARTS OF THERMAL POWER PLANT

6. TYPES OF CIRCUITS For simplicity let us divide the whole arrangement into four circuits. 1. Steam and water circuit 2. Air and gas circuit 3. Coal and ash circuit 4. Cooling water circuit.

7. 1.STEAM AND WATER CIRCUIT

8. BOILER A boiler is a device for generating steam for power, processing or heating purposes. The boiler used here is a two pass, tower type, reheat natural circulation single drum, balanced draft and dry bottom (open hopper type) boiler and is designed for burning coal as principal fuel.

9. SCHMETIC DIAGRAM OF BOILER

10. CLASSFICATION OF BOILERS Boilers are mainly classified into two types. They are 1. Fire tube boiler 2.Water tube boiler

11. CONDENSER Condenser is a Surface heat exchanger. Exhaust steam from LP turbine enters into the condenser, where it condensates into water by exchanging its heat energy to cooling water.

12. FEED WATER FLOW FROM CONDENSER

13. ECONOMISER An economiser extracts apart of this heat from the flue gases. It uses extracted heat for heating the feed water before it enters into the steam drum.

14. 2.AIR AND GAS CIRCUIT PRIMARY AIR FAN(PA FAN) The primary air has got two functions. 1.Pre heating the coal. 2. Transportation of fuel into furnace.

15. FORCED DRAFT FAN(FD FAN) The function of FD FAN is to supply sufficient quantity of air required for complete combustion. The air flow is as shown below

16. AIR PRE HEATERS Air pre heater function is to heat the air with the help of flue gases. The air heater used in KTPS-V is a Regenerative Tri-sector air heater. The flue gases flow is as shown :

17. INDUCED DRAFT FAN (ID FAN) The function of Induced Draft fan is to suck the gases out of furnaces and throw them into the stack. Boiler is provided with two no. of Induced Draft Fans.

18. ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR The main function of ESP is to clean the gases which are being released into atmosphere.

19. COAL AND ASH CIRCUIT The coal flow is as shown below:

20. COAL HANDLING PLANT WAGON TRIPPLER CONVEYOR BELT CRUSHERS BALL MILLS

21. ASH HANDLING PLANT At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection of bottom ash. Fly ash is captured and removed from the flue gas by electrostatic precipitators. The flow of ash is as shown below

22. COOLING WATER CIRCUIT

23. WATER SUPPLY Water requirement for the KTPS is provided from Kinnerasani Project. The total water required for the station is 1, 50,000 tons per day.

24. Primary Fuel Supply: KTPS is linked to Singareni Collieries Company limited (S.C.C.L.) for supply of coal from Manuguru, Yellandu and Rudrampur mines.

25. STEAM TURBINE Steam turbine is a rotating machine which converts the heat energy of steam into mechanical energy.

26. HP Turbine IP Turbine LP Turbine HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE: In high pressure turbine steam is expanded to do work. High pressure turbine having 25 reaction stages. Steam admitted at 540 o c and pressure 150 kg/sq.cm. Description of Steam Turbines

27. IP TURBINE : Exhaust steam from hp turbine, after passing through re heater is admitted for second phase of expansion of steam. IP turbine having 17 reaction stages. LOW PRESSURE TURBINE : Exhaust steam from IP turbine admitted to lp turbine for the last phase of expansion of steam. LP turbine having 8 reaction stages TYPES OF TURBINES

28. The excitation system comprises of an exciter and automatic voltage regulator. The duty of an exciter is to provide the necessary field current to the rotor winding of the alternator. Brush less excitation is used in KTPS Vth stage. Excitation system

29. BRUSHLESS EXCITATION SYSTEM :

30. The excitation system comprises of an exciter and automatic voltage regulator. The duty of an exciter is to provide the necessary field current to the rotor winding of the alternator. Brush less excitation is used in KTPS Vth stage. Excitation system

31. TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY: KTPS-A Station : 4*60 = 240 MW KTPS-B Station : 2*120 = 240 MW KTPS-C Station : 2*120 = 240 MW KTPS-V Stage : 2*250 = 500 MW KTPS-VI Stage : 1*500=500 MW Total installed capacity = 1720 MW SALIENT FEATUREs OF K.T.P.S

32. CONCLUSION In a modern thermal power plant the Rankine Cycle is modified to include superheating of steam, regenerative feed water heating and reheating of the steam. Reheating the steam after it has partially expanded, improves the thermal cycle efficiency by 4 to 5%.Regenerative feed water heating by using Low pressure and High pressure heaters also improves the thermal cycle efficiency by 6 to 7%. So the overall efficiency of a modern thermal power plant is about 42%.

33. THANK YOU!