Anaerobic glyco

Anaerobic glyco

1. Anaerobic Glycolysis

2. Anaerobic glycolysis - Is the transformation of glucose to lactate when limited amounts of oxygen(o2) are available. anaerobic glycolysis is only an effective means of energy production during short, intense exercise, providing energy for a period ranging from 10 seconds to 2 minutes.

3. Glycolysis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions Regenaration of cytosolic NAD under aerobic condition under anaerobic condition ,NAD is regenerated by lactate dehydrogenase Ethanolic fermentation in yeast serves a dual purpose

4. The initial phosphorylation reactions (steps 1 and 3 in slide 3.2) expend two molecules of ATP. One molecule of ATP each is obtained in steps 7 and 10. Since all of the steps from 6 to 11 occur twice per molecule of glucose, the net balance is a gain of two moles of ATP per mole of glucose—a very modest contribution to the final tally. Still, glycolysis is a viable source of ATP, and it is the major one that operates in our tissues under anaerobic conditions, that is, while oxygen is in short supply. This concerns mostly skeletal muscle during maximal exercise, such as a 100 meter dash. As noted above, erythrocytes and some other cell types rely on anaerobic glycolysis even under aerobic conditions.

5. The glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase reaction (step 6 in slide 3.2) reduces one equivalent of NAD+ to NADH. The concentration of NAD+ in the cytosol is not high, and it must therefore be regenerated from NADH in order for glycolysis to continue. Under aerobic conditions, the hydrogen is transferred from NADH to one of several carriers that deliver it to the respiratory chain in the mitochondria, and ultimately to oxygen. These shuttle mechanisms are discussed in detail in section 6.9. Under anaerobic conditions, this is impossible; therefore, other means for hydrogen disposal are required.

6. Anaerobic glycolysis also occurs in many microbes, which also face the need to reoxidize NADH. Without the option of reverting to oxidative metabolism within a short time span, they must also deal with the continued accumulation of acid. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae solves this problem through ethanolic fermentation: The acid is converted to a neutral and considerably less toxic compound (ethanol) via decarboxylation. The CO2 developed in this reaction makes bread dough rise up, whereas the ethanol does the same to government tax revenue.*

7. Anaerobic glycolysis system -Also has some alternative names,the lactic acid or the lactacid system -this system mainly provides the bulk of ATP production during high intensity ,sub-maximal efforts. -it may also become the dominant producer of ATP during repeated phosphate efforts which have insufficient recovery time allow full phosphocreatine Replenishment

8. -The anaerobic glycolysis system is closely linked with several fitness components anaerobic power local muscular endurance speed muscular power

9. Differences between aerobic and anaerobic Glycolysis Aerobic glycolysis has carbon dioxide and water as by products while anaerobic glycolysis have chums out by product such as ethyl alcohol in plants and lactic acid in animals anaerobic glycolysis on the other hand occurs when glucose is broken down without the presence of oxygen