Analgesics

Analgesics are pain relief medications. This presentation gives a brief description about different types of opioid and non opioid analgesics.

1. ANALGESICS PRESENTED BY- AMEENA MEHABOOB

2. OPIOID ANALGESICS

3. CLASSIFICATION

4. OPIOID RECEPTORS

5. 1. MORPHINE

6. MECHANISM OF ACTION

7. PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS CNS EFFECTS

8. DOSE

9. ADR

10. CODEINE Naturally occuring opioid Weak analgesic compared to morphine Therapeutic uses

11. FENTANYL Synthetic opioid 100 fold analgesic potency of morphine Used in anesthesia

12. SUFENTANIL, ALFENTANIL, RAMIFENTANIL Synthetic opioid analgesic Related to Fentanyl Used during surgical procedures requiring anesthesia

13. METHADONE Synthetic opioid Less euphoria Longer duration of action PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS

14. PARTIAL AGONISTS AND MIXED AGONIST-ANTAGONISTS BUPRENORPHINE Opioid detoxification Less severe withdrawal symptoms Treatment of opioid dependence

15. 2. PENTAZOCINE Relieve moderate pain Less euphoria compared to morphine High doses- Hallucination, nightmares, dysphoria , tachycardia

16. 3. NALBUPHINE, BUTORPHANOL Limited use in chronic pain Butophanol - severe headaches- nasal, abuse

17. ANTAGONISTS A) NALOXONE Reverse coma, respiratory depression of opioid overdose Within 30 sec of IV administration, resp depression and coma are reversed Competitive antagonist T1/2- 30-81min

18. B) NALTREXONE Longer duration of action than Naloxone Single oral dose blocks effect of heroin for upto 24 hrs Used in combination with Clonidine for opioid detoxification Can lead to hepatotoxicity

19. OTHER ANALGESICS 1. TAPENTADOL Centrally acting analgesic Manage moderate to severe pain Immediate release and extended release formulations

20. 2. TRAMADOL Centrally acting analgesic Moderate to moderately severe pain

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