Analysis of the Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station on Power Quality Issues

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1. Analysis of the Impact of Electric Vehicle Charging Station on Power Quality Issues By V.BABUDIN (20G31A0225) K.DHANUSH KUMAR (21G35A0212) P.SHABAZ KHAN (21G35A0217) Y.VIJAY KUMAR (20G31A0226) Under The Esteemed Guidance Of Mr.B.RAMESH BABU, M.tech , Assistant Prof. S t. JOHN’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ,YEMMIGANUR A PROJECT REVIEW ON

2. Objective Abstract Introduction Components of EV Electrical vehicle charging station Block Diagram Impacts of electric vehicle Active power filter Block diagram of shunt active power filter Simulation and result Proposed tools Applications Conclusion References 2 lo CONTENTS

3. 3 This project proposes the prominent features of less environmental pollution and cheapest mode of transportation makes Electrical vehicle (EV) market more attractive to consumers. As maximum Electrical vehicles are charged at residential connection due to the lack of charging stations with filters in world , the power sector has been failed to earn profit from this sector. However, due to some reasons Electric vehicles with filter penetration makes power system more vulnerable and hampers power quality. OBJECTIVES

4. The primary reason for the introduction of electric cars into the market is the concern over greenhouse gas emissions and their contribution to global warming. The EV by using Active Power filters have a major impact on the power grid and distribution networks , and also have the consequences of huge power demand to recharge their batteries. Large no of EV by using Active Power Filters charging station when integrates with the utility grid it produces harmonics, affect voltage profile , finally affects the power quality. In this project , the impact of EV by using Active Power Filters charging station on distribution network is analyzed and the simulation model and the results are analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink. 4 ABSTRACT

5. INTRODUCTION An electric vehicle uses a battery to store electrical energy that is ready to use , and do not require internal combustion engines to operate. The Electric traction motor is the main component of electric vehicle. As the motor converts the electrical energy into kinetic energy .

6. COMPONENTS OF EV’s

7. In World , Electric vehicle charging stations are not sufficient. There are two types of charging stations exist i.e. public and private charging stations . Government has established few charging stations in different cities of world but maximum charging stations are private . These private charging stations have taken a higher charging rate. The block diagram shows an EVCS which comprises transformer, rectifier and converter. Basically rectifier and converter make a charger which used for EV charging . Electrical vehicle charging station

8. 8 BLOCK DIAGRAM GRID TRANSFORMER EV ACTIVE POWER FILTER RECTIFIER DC-DC CONVERTER FIG: CHARGING STATION OF ELECTRICAL VEHICLE

9. IMPACTS OF ELECTRIC VEHICLE

10. Active filters have the advantage of being able to compensate for harmonics without fundamental frequency reactive power concerns. This means that the rating of the active power can be less than a comparable passive filter for the same nonlinear load and the active filter will not introduce system resonances that can move a harmonic problem from one frequency to another. Active filtering technique senses the non-linear load harmonic voltages use either 1) Inject harmonic current at 180 degrees out of phase with the load harmonics. 2) Inject or absorb current bursts to hold the voltage waveform within an acceptable tolerance . ACTIVE POWER FILTER

11. Shunt active filters are  used to compensate current harmonics of nonlinear loads to perform reactive power compensation and to balance the imbalance currents . Shunt APF is associated in equal at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) in the middle of source and non linear load. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF SHUNT ACTIVE POWER FILTER

12. SIMULATION AND RESULT .

13. SIMULATION DIAGRAM Fig 1. Simulink diagram of Proposed System is when single EV is connected at a charging station

14. SIMULATION OUTPUT Fig 2. Simulation output of Proposed System is when single EV is connected at a charging station

15. SIMULATION RESULTS Fig 3. Harmonics, when single EV is connected at a charging station

16. SIMULATION DIAGRAM Fig 4. Simulink diagram of Proposed System is when 5 EV is connected at a charging station

17. SIMULATION OUTPUT Fig 5. Simulink diagram of Proposed System is when 5 EV is connected at a charging station

18. SIMULATION RESULTS Fig 6 . Harmonics, when 5 EV chargers are connected at a charging station

19. SIMULATION DIAGRAM Fig 7. Simulink diagram of proposed system before connecting charger

20. SIMULATION RESULTS Fig 8. Input Voltage, before connecting Charger

21. Fig 9. Input Voltage, after connecting Charger SIMULATION RESULTS

22. Fig 10. Simulink diagram of proposed system (5 EV chargers are connected at a charging station) with Active Power Filter SIMULATION DIAGRAM

23. SIMULATION RESULTS Fig 11. Simulation output of proposed system (5 EV chargers are connected at a charging station) with Active Power Filter

24. SIMULATION RESULTS Fig 12. Harmonics, when 5 EV chargers are connected at a charging station with charging Station with Active Power Filter

25. PROPOSED TOOLS Simulation : MATLAB 2009 b

26. APPLICATIONS EV/HEV Applications

27. Prominent features of less environmental pollution & cheapest mode of transportation makes EV market more attractive to the consumers. As maximum EVs are charged at residential connection due to the lack of charging stations with filters in World, the power sector has been failed to earn the profit from this sector. However, due to some reasons EVs with filters penetration makes power system more vulnerable and hampers power quality. In this project, the power quality issues like harmonics, voltage fluctuation, transformer power losses are analyzed using MATLAB Simulink in the context of World power sector. In addition to this the mitigation technique with filters using available renewable resources is also discussed in this project. Although the EV’s with filters have several benefits as like stabilizing the grid at under loaded condition, for lower GHG emission but the power quality issues should regulate properly sustainable development in the power sector . CONCLUSION

28. 1. World Road Transport Authority (BRTA). Available Online: www.brta.gov.bd (accessed on 29.10.2018). 2. PDB for bringing battery-run vehicles under tariff regulations. Available Online: https://www.dhakatribune.com/world/powerenergy/ 2017/09/27/pdbbringingbatteryrunvehicles-tariff regulations/ (accessed on 29.10.2018). 3. AK Karmaker, MR Ahmed, MA Hossain, and MM Sikder. “Feasibility assessment & design of hybrid renewable energy based electric vehicle charging station in World.” Sustainable Cities and Society 39 (2018): 189- 202. 4. Durante, Larry, Matthew Nielsen, and Prasanta Ghosh. “Analysis of non-sinusoidal wave generation during electric vehicle charging and their impacts on the power system.” International Journal of Process Systems Engineering 4, no. 2-3 (2017): 138-150.  REFERENCES

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