Analyzing-Project-Management-in-Agribusiness-2 (1).pptx

Analyzing-Project-Management-in-Agribusiness

1. Analyzing Project Management in Agribusiness

2. Some ways by which project management approach can be applied in Agribusiness Organization Through Agribusiness Management Development and Training Establish development and training programs Develop policies and procedures: Selection criteria for project managers Skill/career development for laborer/staff; and Performance evaluation of project managers and staff.

3. Some ways by which project management approach can be applied in Agribusiness Organization… 2. Through Organization of Responsibilities Establish central operations planning and control Establish policies on reporting relationships Develop responsibility matrices to clarify relationships

4. Some ways by which project management approach can be applied in Agribusiness Organization… 3. Through Improved Systems, Methods and Procedures Establish procedures for coordination of plans (e.g. production, marketing, financing, etc.) and actions between all functional and operational units. Prior commitment; During submittal of project proposal; and During implementation of projects.

5. Some ways by which project management approach can be applied in Agribusiness Organization… b. Introduce new or revised procedures on: Price quotations and schedules; Authorization; Project cost accounting Manpower expenditures; Project breakdown schedules and network planning methods; Adequacy of project file; and Project evaluation and review.

6. Some ways by which project management approach can be applied in Agribusiness Organization… c. Implement integrative, multi-project information system d. Establish project control room and related support procedures.

7. Models of Project Life Cycle Ways by which practitioners and academicians classify or categorize the life cycle of a project. Project Management in Berkeley, University of California identified the project cycle as: Phase I: Conception or Identification – major milestone: preliminary screening resulting in approval of money for a project feasibility study. Phase II: Definition or Analysis – major milestone : approval of money for design study Phase III. Design and Development stage, consisting of such major milestones as Approval of design or loan, and go-signal for start of conduction. Phase IV. Implementation or Construction stage, consisting of such major milestone as start-up and full production Phase V. Operation and Evaluation stage.

8. Models of Project Life Cycle… B. World Bank (John Huang and Robert Youker ) prescribes a 14-step methodology of the project management process: B.1. Planning Define Project (What, Why, How, Where, How much and Who). The first step on any assignment is to develop a common definition of the nature and scope of the project. Breakdown into Sub-projects – The entire project must be broken down into logical sub-units or major elements. These maybe based on chronological time, geography, physical units, departments or whatever make sense. This is called Work Breakdown Structure . List Organizational Responsibilities for each Sub-Projects – Each Sub-Project should have someone responsible for preparing the activity list for that sub-project. All resources required for the project should be listed.

9. Models of Project Life Cycle… B.1 Planning … 4. Prepare a List of Activities – A list of activities is required to complete each sub-project. But first the level of detail for describing activities must be selected. 5. Estimate the duration of each activity and the resources required – The time required to complete each activity should be estimated. This is the best estimate of the time required and the best time, given required resources which are also indicated. 6. Prepare N etwork Plan – Using the activity list, the development of a network plan of the project showing logic interrelationships is made. Network is analyzed to obtain project duration and critical path.

10. Models of Project Life Cycle… B.1. Planning … 7. Review by Management – Network plan is reviewed by management to confirm logic and acceptability of project duration. 8. Schedule project from Network Plan – Project Schedule is prepared taking into account, levels of resources actually available, savings from reducing excessive float, etc. 9. Decision by Management – Schedule is reviewed by Management and approved prior to distribution.

11. Models of Project Life Cycle… B.2. Direction 10. Distribute Schedule and Executive Assignments – The Schedule in graphic or tabular form tells who does what and when. 11. Coordination and Problem Solving – Internal and external inputs are coordinated: unclear strategies are explained; conflicts and disputes are resolved. B.3. Control Report progress during project execution Update Project Network Plan Distribute revised Schedule and Executive Assignment

12. Models of Project Life Cycle… C. The East-West Center ( Rondenille et.al) describe the cycle terms of project management functions namely: 1. Project Identification and Definition – Initiating the project plan: specific need(s) to be met- Objective(s), in relation to sectoral plan and program; the project environment-political, social, economic, and technological; macro and micro factors; project boundaries relationships and linkages; alternative possibilities regarding funding .

13. Models of Project Life Cycle… 2. Project Formulation, Preparation of Feasibility Study – initial project design in relation to an assessed need for resource inputs – funding and financing; staff availability; physical or technological inputs needed; necessary institutional or agency support and level of interest; consideration of target community reaction and response against background of social and economic climate, public and administrative environment; techniques available for carrying the various aspects of the feasibility stage of the project cycle.

14. Models of Project Life Cycle… 3. Project Design, Project Appraisal – The design functions includes delineating activities and task; assignment priorities, scheduling of inputs, establishing resource requirements, preparation of specifications, establishing plans and targets . The function also covers appraisal technique of finance and technical viability, impact of project on environment and social factors, economic and social variables, demand analysis , assessment of organizational arrangements.

15. Models of Project Life Cycle… 4. Project Selection, Negotiation and Approval- Formal selection procedures- comparison of competing proposals – economic, financial technical, management, environmental, social and political. Techniques for determining optimal allocation of resources: negotiating techniques; formal approval and documentation.

16. Models of Project Life Cycle… 5. Project activation and Organization -Refinement of project design and strategy –experimental, pilot, demonstration projects; introduction to project solution logic and design; assessment of possibly adaptive technology; detailed project planning, resource flows in terms of project timetable, setting up administrative organization and procedures, deciding on budget and information systems, determining project performance and evaluation criteria , procedures and targets.

17. Models of Project Life Cycle… 6. Project Implementation, Coordination and Control – T he project in action and the task of management in relation to this – continuing evaluation of progress; coordination of project activities both internally and in relation to outside support activities; implementing necessary modifications to overcome operating problems; maintaining cohesion of the project “team” through involvement in review and problem-solving sessions; ensuring adequate information flow in all directions; reporting progress; public relation aspects; and target community liaison; etc.

18. Models of Project Life Cycle… 7. Project Termination and Output Diffusion – Phasing out project activities transfer to institutionalized programs; diffusion of project outcomes; re-allocating or returning excess resources; re-deployment of capabilities developed in project; etc. 8. Project evaluation and Follow-up Analysis – Monitoring and evaluation of results against project goals. Determining impact on sectoral, regional and material development. Cost benefit analysis, short and long term assessment of output. External evaluation and follow-up and maintenance of project – project invested opportunities. Analysis of unmet needs, support activities after handover.

19. Models of Project Life Cycle… D. Another team from the East-West Center (Goodman, Love, Razzani ) have integrated the project life cycle as follows: Phase I: Planning . Appraisal and Design: Planning, Appraisal and Design in which the three basic tasks are identification of the project, the feasibility analysis and appraisal of project; and design of the project. Phase II: Selection, Approval and Activation in which the two basic task are project selection and approval and second, with activating the project. Phase III: Operation, Control and Hand-over which include project implementation; project supervision and control; and project completion and handover. Phase Iv: Evaluation and Refinement which include project evaluation and refinement of policy planning.

20. Models of Project Life Cycle… E. In describing the iterative nature of project planning, Raymond Rodosevich of the Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University, defines the project life-cycle as follows: Phase I: Identification of the project idea: in which the planning logic includes an examination of the environment; projection of future conditions; definition of needs and objectives; formulation of alternative methods and evaluation of alternatives. The question pursued is: Does the idea seem worthwhile? Phase II: Preliminary study of the idea: in which the planning goes deeper details of the steps mentioned in Phase I but including the additional step of choosing one among several “best” alternatives. The questions pursued is : Does the idea seem feasible?

21. Models of Project Life Cycle… E. Rodosevich ... Phase III: Feasibility Analysis: in which the planning logic goes into fullest detail of the above steps in which the basic question being pursued : Are the benefits sufficiently greater than the costs? Phase IV: Detailed Technical Study: in which the planning logic goes into technical details. Phase 5. Detailed Implementation Planning: in which the planning logic goes into project implementation, output system, transfer and diffusion and output system operation. Phase VI. Project Implementation, Control and Re-planning as necessary. Phase VII. Transfer and Diffusion of Project Results as necessary.

22. Models of Project Life Cycle… F. The Development Academy of the Philippines describes project management life-cycle as follows: Phase I: Pre-Project Development, including the submission of key documents such as the project concept paper, estimate of projected development costs; report on market testing of project concept; and plan for project development. Phase II: Project Development: in which documents are prepared for consideration of budget, schedule of activities, and output list of dates; plans for project implementation; and the complete project proposal.

23. Models of Project Life Cycle… Phase III: Project Implementation in which documents deemed most important are status report, project outputs , and disbursement reports. Phase IV: Project Evaluation (post mortem), in which the project status reports and outputs are measured against the basic project proposal.

24. Models of Project Life Cycle… G. Melvin Silverman in the Wiley and Sons Kit entitled “Project Management” describes the project life cycle as follows: Phase I: Conception. The phase of the project in which a general picture is formed on how to achieve a particular goal. Phase II: Definition. The phase of the project that includes the detailed preparation of everything needed to outline the “how” of the system. Phase III: Acquisition. That phase which covers all aspects of production and procurement. Phase IV: Operation. That phase during which the customer has possession of the product in sufficient quantity to satisfy immediate needs.

25. Models of Project Life Cycle… H. Russel D. Archibald in the book “Managing High-Technology Programs and Project” describes the project life-cycle as follows, with the content of each cycle varying according to nature of the project: Phase I: Concept – such as; Pre-proposal : identification of opportunity; Decision to bid; Establishing basic feasibility Phase II: Definition- such as; Preparing proposal: prepare new product proposal, production plan, R&D Case, project appropriate request; investment analysis, budget preparation

26. Models of Project Life Cycle… Phase III: Design – such as: Engineering design Design product or service, Build and test prototype, Conduct studies, Engineering for construction, Equipment design and/or specification, System analysis and detailed design Phase IV: Development –such as;

27. Models of Project Life Cycle… Phase IV: Development –such as; Procure materials; Fabricate, assemble, install and test; Design production article; Build and test tooling; Produce initial production article; Conduct pilot tests; Analyze and document results; Procure equipment, construct civil works, install an check out equipment; system cooling, compiling, testing and documentation

28. Models of Project Life Cycle… Phase V: Application - such as; Concentration and acceptance testing; distribute and sell products; Verify performance; Conduct full scale tests; start-up and commission operating facility; Install and test system under production conditions. Phase VI: Post Completion – such as; Creation of new projects for follow-up contracts; Final evaluation report to compare results with project appropriation request.