Anatomical position, descriptive and directional terms (Prof.Dalia A. Mandour).pptx

Anatomical position, descriptive and directional terms (Prof. Dalia A. Mandour).pptx

1. Anatomical position and descriptive and directional terms Prof. Dalia A. Mandour

2. Anatomical position Anatomical position, or standard anatomical position , refers to the specific  body  orientation used when describing an individual’s anatomy. Standard anatomical position of the human body ( Reference position in anatomy ) consists of the  body  standing upright and facing forward with the legs parallel to one another and The  upper limbs , or arms, hang at either side and the palms face forward. NB: Reference position in anatomy : The person is standing upright, with the arms hanging by the side, palms facing forward, and thumbs pointing away from the body. The feet are slightly parallel, and toes oriented to the front. If the  body  is lying flat instead of standing upright, with the same positioning of the limbs, it is known as the  supine position .

3. Reference position in anatomy S tanding upright position

4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyaPCwMMOig

5. Anatomical planes Anatomical planes are Imaginary planes that intersect the body, creating slices of various organs and structures. Three Anatomical planes divide the  body  into various sections in order to help describe relative anatomy.  The sagittal plane is a vertical plane that travels down the middle of the human body and divides the  body  into right and left portions. The coronal plane runs vertically through the side of the  body , dividing it into the front of the  body  (anterior) and the back of the  body  (posterior). The transverse (or axial) plane runs horizontally, separating the top half of the  body  from the bottom half. Main anatomical planes:  Mid-sagittal/median, sagittal, frontal (coronal), transverse (axial)

6. Anatomical descriptive and directional terms

7. Types of Body Movements Flexion Decreasing the angle between two structures Extension Increasing the angle between two structures Plantarflexion Flexion of the plantar (underside) part of the foot Dorsiflexion Flexion of the dorsum (top) part of the foot Abduction Moving away from the midline Adduction Moving towards the midline Medial (internal) rotation Spiral movement towards the midline Lateral (external) rotation Spiral movement away from the midline Pronation Medial rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing posteriorly (if in anatomical position) or inferiorly (if elbow is flexed) Supination Lateral rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing anteriorly (if in anatomical position) or superiorly (if elbow is flexed) Anatomical terms of movement are used to describe the actions of muscles