Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 4 tissues - connective

website: http://www.am-medicine.com

Youtube Channel : https://www.youtube.com/user/ammedicine

Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1409138472653811/

1. Warm-Up
What type of connective tissue is shown below?
1. 2.
3. 4.
Cartilage
Blood
Adipose Tissue
(Loose Connective
Tissue)
Bone

2. Chapter 4

3. Part II: Connective Tissue

4. Connective Tissue
Most abundant and widely distributed tissue
Main classes:
1.Connective tissue proper (loose & dense)
2.Cartilage
3.Bone
4.Blood
Functions:
1.Binding and support
2.Protection
3.Insulation
4.Transport substances

5. Classification
Variations in blood supply
Avascular (no blood) – cartilage
Poorly vascular – tendons, ligaments
Extracellular matrix
Produced by cells, secreted to exterior
Ground substance: “glue” - fills space between cells &
fibers
water + adhesion proteins + polysaccharides
Fibers: provide support
Collagen - strength
Elastic – stretch
Reticular – fine network, “skeleton” of organs

6. Loose Connective Tissue
Universal packing material
Subclasses: areolar, adipose, reticular
Structure: softer, fewer fibers, gel-like matrix
Functions:
Cushion & protect organs (areolar, fat)
Store nutrients (fat)
Internal framework (reticular)
Fight infection (areolar)
Cells: fibroblasts, adipocytes (fat cells)
Locations: under skin, lymph nodes, hips,
behind eyeballs

10. Dense Connective Tissue
Tendons & ligaments
Subclasses: dense regular, dense irregular,
elastic
Structure: mainly collagen fibers
Functions:
Elastic
Resist tension
Cells: fibroblasts
Locations: tendons (muscle-bone), ligaments
(bone-bone), lower layers of skin

12. Cartilage
Subclasses: hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
Structure: flexible, no nerves or blood
Functions:
Support
Compression
Cells: chondroblasts, chondrocytes
Locations: larynx, joints, tip of nose, ear,
intervertebral discs, rib-breastbone, knee
joint

14. Bone
Osseous tissue
Subclasses: compact, spongy
Structure: hard, calcified matrix; blood
vessels
Functions:
support & protect
Store calcium
Blood cell formation (marrow)
Cells: osteoblasts, osteocytes
Locations: bones

16. Blood
Vascular tissue
Subclasses: blood cells, plasma
Structure: fluid within blood vessels, no fibers
Functions:
Transport vehicle (nutrients, wastes, gases,
hormones)
Cells: white blood cells (leukocytes), red
blood cells (erythrocytes), platelets
Locations: blood vessels