Anatomy and physiology of Eye Anatomy and physiology of Eye

Anatomy and Physiology of eye

1. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye

2. Learning Objectives At the end of the session the trainee will be able to:

3. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye ORBIT Orbit is made up the bones that surround the eye There are seven bones in orbit Functions : It protects the eyeball EYE BALL Eye ball covers the all internal parts of the eye

4. External Parts of the Eye Eyebrow Eyelash Eyelid Canthus Caruncle

5. Anatomy and Physiology of External Eye EYEBROW Formed by several rows of hair Functions : Provide face expression Separate upper eyelid from forehead EYELIDS Upper eyelid Lower eyelids Functions: Protect from dust, pollution, injury and light

6. Anatomy and Physiology of External Eye EYELASHES Arranged in rows at the margin of the eyelids Functions : Prevents from dust and foreign body entering the eye CARUNCLE A small red portion at the corner of the eye Functions : Filters the dust and dirt in this region

7. Anatomy and Physiology of External Eye CANTHUS The site of union of the upper and lower eye lids. Near the nose is called medial canthus Near the ear is called the lateral canthus Lateral canthus Medial canthus

8. Activity

9. Parts of the Eye Conjunctiva Cornea Lens Iris Optic nerve Retina Pupil Sclera Eye ball Orbit

10. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye CONJUNCTIVA Thin membrane covering the sclera Functions : It conjoins the eyeball and eyelid

11. Anatomy and Physiology of internal Eye SCLERA white part of the eye it is covered by conjunctiva Functions : - It consists of fibrous tissue that gives shape and protects the inner parts of the eye

12. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye CORNEA The cornea is located in front part of the eye Functions: It is the first refractive medium of the eye It protects eye from dust and foreign body IRIS Iris is a thin layer, which is located behind the cornea Functions: C ontrolling the diameter and size of the pupil

13. Anatomy and Physiology of internal Eye PUPIL P upil is located in the center of the iris Normal size of pupil is 2-3 mm Functions : It is the passage for the light rays to pass through LIMBUS Junction between the cornea and the sclera Functions : Pathway for aqueous flow

14. Anatomy and Physiology of internal Eye LENS Lens is located behind the iris Functions : Helps to see the near and far objects by changing its shape

15. Anatomy and Physiology of internal Eye RETINA Retina is located back of the lens Functions: Retina senses light, and creates impulses that travel through the optic nerve to the brain

16. Anatomy and Physiology of internal Eye ANTERIOR CHAMBER behind the cornea and in front of the Iris Functions: contains aqueous humour to distribute the nutrition to the cornea and lens POSTERIOR CHAMBER Behind the Iris and in front of the lens Functions: Passage for the flow of aqueous humour VITREOUS CHAMBER Behind the lens till retina Functions: Contains vitreous humour gel that maintains the shape of the eyeball Anterior chamber Posterior chamber Vitreous chamber CHAMBERS OF THE EYE

17. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye EXTRA OCULAR MUSCLES There are six extra ocular muscles in the eye 4 Rectus muscles 2 Oblique muscles Functions : Controls the eye movement in all directions

18. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye OPTIC NERVES It is located at back of the eye It is the second cranial nerve Optic nerve contains approximately one million fibres OPTIC DISC - Head of optic nerve Functions : It carries light impulses to the brain

19. Activity 5 1 2 3 4 6 7 8

20. Thank You !