Anatomy and physiology of human tissues.pptx

very important PPT.

1. Topic:Tissues(Human)
Anatomy and Physiology
Presented by:
MR VIJAYREDDY VANDALI
M.SC(N), PGDHA,PGCDE,.
ASSOCIATE PROF CUM I/C PRINCIPAL
SCHOOL OF NURSING
P P SAVANI UNIVERSITY, GUJARAT.

2. Tissues(Human)
Anatomy and Physiology

3. Key Terms
•Histology:
• the study of tissues.
•Tissues:
• groups of cells which are similar in
structure and which perform common
or related functions.

4. Four Basic Kinds of Tissues
•Epithelial Tissue
•Connective Tissue
•Muscle Tissue
•Nervous Tissue

7. EPITHELIAL TISSUE
•Epithelial Tissue Locations:
• Covers the body
• Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body
•Covers the organs inside body cavities
•Epithelial Tissue Functions:
• Protection from physical & chemical injury,
• Protection against microbial invasion,
• Contains receptors which respond to stimuli,
• Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and
• Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.

12. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•Connective Tissue:
• Most abundant & widely distributed tissue
•Connective Tissue Functions:
• Connects, binds and supports structures,
•Tendons, ligaments, etc.
• Protects & cushions organs and tissues,
• Insulates (fat) and
• Transports substances (blood).

16. MUSCLE TISSUE
•Muscle Tissue:
• Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart and in the walls
of the hollow organs of the body.
•Muscle Tissue Functions:
• Movement
• Locomotion
• Maintains posture
• Produces heat
• Facial expressions
• Pumps blood
• Peristalsis

20. NERVOUS TISSUE
•Nervous Tissue:
• Main component of the nervous system,
ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves.
•Nervous Tissue Functions:
• Regulates & controls body functions
• Generates & transmits nerve impulses
• Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons.

23. Identify the following cell organelles
•Cell Organelles
• cell membrane
• cytoplasm
• nucleus
• nuclear membrane
• nucleolus
• chromosomes
• chromatin

24. Identify the five stages of mitosis
•Stages of Mitosis, or the Cell Cycle:
• interphase
• prophase
• metaphase
• anaphase
• telophase

25. Interphase
•Metabolic phase
•Cell growth
•DNA replication
•Centriole replication
•Protein Synthesis
•Visible Nucleus &
nuclear membrane
•Visible nucleoli
•Chromatin

26. Prophase
•Nuclear membrane
disappears
•Nucleoli disappear
•Chromsomes appear
•Centrioles move to
opposite sides of cell
•Spindle fibers from
centrioles connect with
chromosomes

27. Metaphase
•Chromosomes line up on
equator of the cell

28. Anaphase
•Chromatids from each
chromosome separate &
are pulled to opposite
sides of the cell.

29. Telophase
•Chromatids reach
extremes of cell

Nuclear membrane Nuclear membrane
reappears around each reappears around each
chromatid clusterchromatid cluster

Nucleoli reappearNucleoli reappear

Cell plate appears Cell plate appears
between nucleibetween nuclei

Cytokinesis occursCytokinesis occurs

30. •Specific tissue types & representative cell types we will
review:
• EPITHELIAL
•Squamous
•Cuboidal
•Columnar
• CONNECTIVE
•Adipose
•Bone
•Hyaline cartilage
• MUSCLE
• NERVOUS

31. Squamous Epithelium
•Simple – one cell thick

Forms solid layer of Forms solid layer of
cells which line blood cells which line blood
vessels, body cavities vessels, body cavities
& cover organs in body & cover organs in body
cavitiescavities

Stratified – multiple Stratified – multiple
layerslayers

Forms epidermisForms epidermis

32. Cuboidal Epithelium
•Simple – one cell thick
•Roughly cube shaped

Line ducts in kidneys, Line ducts in kidneys,
etc, where reabsorption etc, where reabsorption
and secretory activities and secretory activities
take place.take place.
Duct
Cuboid Cells
Duct
Cuboid Cells

33. Columnar Epithelium
•Simple – one cell thick
•Column shaped (long &
narrow)
•Line digestive tract where
reabsorption & secretion
occurs.

Pseudostratified – gives Pseudostratified – gives
the appearance of the appearance of
more than one layer of more than one layer of
columnar epithelial columnar epithelial
cellscells

34. •Specific Connective Tissue Types:
•Adipose
•Bone
•Hyalaine cartilage

35. Connective - Adipose
•Honeycomb or
chickenwire appearance

Stores energy (fat)Stores energy (fat)

InsulatesInsulates

Supports & protects Supports & protects
organsorgans

36. Connective - Bone
•Tree ring-like appearance

Supports & protects Supports & protects

Mineral storageMineral storage

Fat storageFat storage

Blood cell productionBlood cell production

37. Connective – Hyaline Cartilage

Supports while Supports while
providing flexibilityproviding flexibility

Absorbs compression Absorbs compression
between bones in between bones in
joints (articular joints (articular
cartilage)cartilage)

Holds open respiratory Holds open respiratory
passages passages

Most abundant type of Most abundant type of
cartilage in bodycartilage in body

38. •Specific Muscle Tissue Types:
• muscle (skeletal)

39. Muscle - Skeletal
•Muscle fibers (cells) long,
parallel & cylindrical
•With many nuclei
(multinucleate)

Striations (cross stripes run Striations (cross stripes run
perpendicular to the cellsperpendicular to the cells

Produce voluntary movementProduce voluntary movement

LocomotionLocomotion

HeatHeat

40. Specific Nervous Tissue Types
Nervous – Neuron

Branching cells with many Branching cells with many
long processeslong processes

Large central nucleusLarge central nucleus

Transmit impulses from one Transmit impulses from one
area of the body to other area of the body to other
areasareas

Regulate activities through Regulate activities through
neuron impulsesneuron impulses

41. THANK YOU