ANATOMY FRONT OF THIGH LOWER LIMB .pptx

Front of thigh anatomy

1. FRONT OF THE THIGH SUBMITTED TO : DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN ANATOMY SUBMITTED BY: S.S.NIRAISELVAN (22BHMS19) 1ST BHMS EXCEL HOMOEOPATHY MEDICAL COLLEGE, KOMARAPALAYAM

2. INTRODUCTION The thigh muscles subdivide into the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments. The function of the anterior compartment muscles is to extend the lower limb at the knee joint. The function of the anterior compartment of the thigh is to extend the leg at the knee joint. Three major muscles (better described as two muscles and one muscle group) comprise the anterior compartment of the thigh — the pectineus , sartorius , and quadriceps femoris.

3. SURFACE LANDMARK FOLD OF GROIN ANTERIOR SUPERIOR ILIAC SPINE PUBIC TUBERCLE GREATER TROCHANTER MIDINGUINAL POINT MIDPOINT OF INGUINAL LIGAMENT MEDIAL and LATERAL CONDYLES OF FEMUR AND TIBIA FLESHY SWELLING ABOVE THE MEDIAL CONDYLE OF FEMUR PATELLA (KNEE CAP) TIBIAL TUBEROSITY LIGAMENTUM PATALLAE ADDUCTOR TUBERCLE

4. SUPERFICIAL FASCIA : SUPERFICIAL FATTY LAYER DEEP Membranous layer Holden’s line

5. DEEP FASCIA : Modification : 1] iliotibial tract 2] CONTAINS SAPHENOUS OPENING > iliotibial tract : Fascia lata is Thickened on the lateral aspect of the thigh from about 2 inches wide band called iliotibial tract. Tract splits into two layer by 1) tensor fascia latae 2) gluteus maximus * The tract stabilises the knee both in extension and in partial flexion.

6. ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THIGH Muscles: 1] quadriceps femoris >rectus femoris > vastus lateralis > vastus medialis > vastus intermedialis 2] sartorius 3] articularis genu 4] tensor fasciae latae NERVe : femoral nerve Artery: femoral artery

7. QUADRICEPS FEMORIS   1. Rectus femoris Origin :     Straight head - from anterior inferior iliac spine.     Reflected head - from the ilium above the acetabulum Insertion :     Quadriceps tendon & patella.   Nerve supply :     Femoral nerve.

8. Vastus lateralis     Origin:     Intertrochanteric line ,base of greater trochanter, linea aspera      Insertion: Quadriceps tendon & patella.   Some fibres inserted into capsule of the knee joint.    Nerve supply       Femoral nerve. QUADRICEPS FEMORIS

9. Vastus medialis     Origin:        Intertrochanteric line, linea aspera .      Insertion :   >  Quadriceps tendon & patella   >  The lowest fibres are horizontal in direction ,& attached directely to the patella preventing its lateral dislocation. Nerve supply       Femoral nerve. QUADRICEPS FEMORIS

10. Vastus intermedius     Origin : Anterior&lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur.    Insertion: Quadriceps tendon & patella. Nerve supply :       Femoral nerve  [  Articularis genu]                         is muscle fibres attached to the synovial membrane of the knee joint QUADRICEPS FEMORIS

11.  Action of quadriceps femoris muscle :  > Powerful extensor of the knee joint. >   The rectus femoris also flexes the hip joint.  > The lower fibres of the vastus medialis stabilize the patella. QUADRICEPS FEMORIS

12. MUSCLES  Sartorius muscle:    Origin  Anterior superior iliac spine.   Insertion           Upper part of the medial surface of the tibia. Action  Flexion , abduction , & Lateral rotation  of the hip joint.  Flexion,& medial rotation of  knee joint                       Nerve supply  Femoral nerve.

13. TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE Origin Outer lip of the iliac crest from ASIS to the tubercle of iliac crest Insertion i liotibial tract 3-5 cm below the greater trochanter Nerve supply Superior gluteal nerve Action Abduction of the hip joint MUSCLES

14. FEMORAL TRIANGLE [CONTENTS] Femoral nerve  - Which innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh Femoral sheath containing: Femoral artery  and branches - Arterial supply for majority of the lower limb Femoral vein - The great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein within the triangle Femoral canal - Contains lymph nodes and vessels Superfical and deep inguinal lymph nodes and vessels

15. BOUNDARIES Superior (base of triangle): Inguinal ligament Lateral: Medial border of the  sartorius muscle   Medial: Medial border of the  adductor longus      Apex: Cross between medial and lateral border

16. BOUNDARIES The floor :of the femoral triangle is comprised of the  adductor longus ,  pectineus  (medially),  psoas major  and  illiacus  muscles (laterally).The floor is gutter shaped since all the muscles forming the floor pass to the posterior aspect of the  femur . The roof :of the femoral triangle consists of skin, superficial and deep  fascia  (fascia lata , cribiform fascia) of the the thigh and subcutaneous tissue.

17. ADDUCTOR CANAL (HUNTER’S / SUBSARTORIAL) Boundaries : LATERAL: Vastus medialis MEDIAL/ FLOOR: 1] Adductor longus 2] Adductor magnus ROOF: 1)Fascia. 2)Sartorius. 3) Subsartorial plexus. 4)Anterior branch of Obturator 5)Medial cutaneous n of thigh 6) Sapheneous nerve supply: Skin of medial thigh.

18. FEMORAL NERVE Origin: - Is the largest branch of the femoral plexus (L2,3 and4). Course - It emerges from lateral border of psoas muscle within the abdomen & passes downward in between psoas & iliacus . -It lies behind fascia iliaca . -Enters thigh lateral to the femoral artery & femoral sheath behind the inguinal ligament. (outside the femoral sheath ).

19. FEMORAL NERVE Termination: -1½  inch (4cm) below the inguinal ligament, it terminates by  dividing into anterior & posterior divisions. motor Supply:  Muscles of anterior compartment of the thigh.

20. FEMORAL NERVE BRANCHES : Anterior Division Motor: The nerve to the sartorius The nerve to the pectineus Sensory: The medial cutaneous nerve of the thigh The intermediate cutaneous nerve of the thigh

21. Posterior Division Motor: The nerve to the rectus femoris The nerve to the vastus medialis The nerve to the vastus lateralis The nerve to the vastus intermedius  Articular: Hip - supplied by the nerve to the rectus femoris Knee - supplied by the nerve to the vastus medialis, nerve to the vastus intermedius, and the nerve to the vastus lateralis  Sensory: Saphenous nerve Infrapatellar branches to the knee FEMORAL NERVE

22. FEMORAL ARTERY It is the main artery of the lower limb. It enters the femoral triangle behind the inguinal ligament at the midinguinal point. It runs downward and medially successively via the femoral triangle and adductor canal. At the lower end of the adductor canal , it leaves the thigh via the adductor hiatus to go into the popliteal fossa where it continues as the popliteal artery.

23. BRANCHES 3 SUPERFICIAL BRANCHES: 1] Superficial epigastric artery 2] Superficial External pudendal artery 3] Superficial circumflex iliac artery 3 DEEP BRANCHES: 1] Profunda femoris artery 2] Deep external pudendal artery 3] Muscular branches

24. THANK YOU..