Anatomy Human Kidney by Aiman Hayat.pdf

Anatomy of human kidney

1. AIMAN HAYAT
1
ST
PROFF-UOS
04(PHARM D)

2. CONTENTS
➢LOCATION
➢COLOUR AND SHAPE
➢HEIGHT AND WEIGHT
➢ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE KIDNEY
➢PROTECTION OF THE KIDNEY
➢GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY
➢BLOOD SUPPLY TO KIDNEY
➢NERVE SUPPLY
➢LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
➢MUSCLES ATTACHED TO KIDNEY
➢MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEY
➢KIDNEY FUNCTION

3. LOCATION
oKidney are a pair of excretory organs
situated on the posterior abdominal
wall.
oAbove the wrist.
oExtending from upper border of T12
to L3 vertebra.
oPartially protected 11
th
and 12
th
pairs
of ribs.
oRight kidney is slightly lower than the
left because the liver occupies
considerable space on the right side
superior to the kidney .

4. COLOR AND SHAPE
oReddish brown
color
oBean shaped

5. HEIGHT AND WEIGHT
oEach kidney is 11cm long,
6cm broad and 3cm thick
oWeigh 150g in males and
135g in females

6. ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH THE KIDNEY
➢SUPERIORLY
oRight adrenal gland.
➢ANTERIORLY
oRight lobe of the liver,
duodenum and hepatic
flexure of the colon
➢POSTERIORLY
o12
TH
rib diaphragm muscles
of posterior abdominal wall
psoas major, Quadrates
lumborum and transversus
abdominis

7. PROTECTON OF THE KIDNEY
➢DEEP LAYER
oRenal capsule is a smooth transparent sheet of dense irregular
connective tissue that continues with the outer coat of the ureter. If
serves as barrier against trauma and helps to maintain the shape of
the kidney.
➢MIDDLE LAYER
oThe adipose capsule is a mass of fatty tissue surrounding the renal
capsule. It also protects the kidney from trauma.
➢SUPERFACIAL LAYER
oRenal fascia is another thin layer of dense irregular connective
tissue that covers surrounding structures and to the abdominal wall.

8. RENAL Capsule
Adipose Capsule
Renal
fascia

9. GROSS STRUCTURE OF THE KIDNEY
▪The longitudinal section constitutes the following areas;
➢RENAL FIBROUS CAPSULE
oSurrounds the kidney ,made up of dense fibrous.
➢ CORTEX
oA reddish brown layer of tissue immediately
below the capsule and out side the pyramids.
➢MEDULLA
oThe inner most layer consisting of pale conical
shaped striations called renal pyramids
➢HILUM
oIt is the concave medial border or deep tissue of the kidney where
the renal blood and lymph vessels , ureter and nerve enters.
➢RENAL SINUS
oSpace within hilus .Kidney receives blood vessels and nerve.

10. Cont.
➢RENAL PELVIS
oRenal pelvis is the funnel shaped
structure which acts as a receptable of
the urine formed by the kidney.
➢CALYNX
oRenal pelvis has number of distal brunches
called calyxes. Each of which surrounds apex
of the renal pyramid.
oUrine formed in the kidney pores through
papilla at the apex of the pyramid into minor
calyx then into major calyx , Before passing
through the pelvis into the ureter.
o Peristalsis of the smooth muscle in the walls of
the smooth calyxes propels urine through the
pelvis ;ureter to the bladder.

11. BLOOD SUPPLY TO KIDNEY
➢ARTERIOL SUPPLY
Abdominal
Aorta
Renal
Arteries
Segmental
Arteries
Interlobar
Arteries
Arcuate
Arteries
Interlobular
Arteries
Forms 5-8
Capillaries
Interlobular artry
Interlobar artery
Arcuate
artery
Anterior
segmental
arteries
Main renal
artery
Posterior
segmental
arteries

12. Inferior
Venacava
Renal Veins
Segmental
Veins
Interlobar
Veins
Arcuate
Veins
Interlobular
Veins
➢VENOUS SUPPLY
Arcuate
vein
Superior
trunk
Main
renal vein
Inferior
trunk
Interlobar
vein

14. NERVE SUPPLY
(Autonomic plexuses in the abdominal pelvis)
oRenal sympathetic plexus.
oThe afferent fiber that travel through the
renal plexus enter the spinal cord in the
10
th
,4
th
and 12
th
thoracic nerves.
oRegulates blood flow to the kidney by causing
vasodilation or vasoconstriction of renal
arterioles.

15. LYMPH DRAINAGE
oLateral aortic nodes
located at the origin of
renal arteries
oFiltering of phagocytosis
proliferation of
lymphocytes

16. MUSCLES ATTACHMENT TO KIDNEY
oQuadrates lumborum muscle
oiliacus muscle
oPsoas major muscle
oDiaphragm
Diaphragm
White muscles
Iliacus muscles
Quadrates lumborum muscle
Psoas major muscle

17. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE KIDNEY
oThe functional unit of the kidney is the
nephron and smaller number of
collecting tubules.
oEach kidney has about 18 lobes and 1
million nephrons.
➢NEPHRON
➢Nephron structural
parts
oGlomerulus
oBowmans capsule
oProximal convoluted tube
oLoop of henle
oDistal convoluted tube
oCollecting duct

18. FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY
oUrine formation .
oExcretion of waste product.
oRegulation of electrolysis.
oControl of water balance.
oControl of blood pressure by Renin
enzyme .
oRenal clearance.
oRegulation of red blood cell
production (erythropoietin hormone ).
oSynthesis of vitamin D to active form
oSecretion of prostaglandins.

19. THANK YOU