Anatomy of arteries of head and neck.ppt

Anatomy of arteries of head and neck

1. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•The face receives rich
blood supply from two
main vessels, the facial
and the superficial
temporal arteries.
•It is supplemented by
small vessels,
supratrochlear and
supraorbital from the
internal carotid artery

2. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Teeth and oral structures
are supplied by:
–Maxillary artery.
–Lingual artery.
All the arteries are
branches from the
external and internal
carotid arteries

3. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Common carotid artery:
–The right artery arise
from the brachiocephalic
artery and the left from
the arch of the aorta.
–Runs upward and back
and divide at the upper
border of the thyroid
cartilage into two terminal
branches the external and
internal arteries

4. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Carotid sinus:
•a localized dilatation at a localized dilatation at
the terminal part of the terminal part of
common carotid arterycommon carotid artery
–contain numerous nerve contain numerous nerve
endings from endings from
glossopharyngeal nerveglossopharyngeal nerve
–It serve as a pressoreceptor It serve as a pressoreceptor
that assist in regulating the that assist in regulating the
blood pressure in the blood pressure in the
cerebral arterycerebral artery

5. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Carotid body:
–A small reddish structure, lies
posterior to the bifurcation
–innervated by
glossopharyngeal nerve
–A chemoreceptor sensitive
to anoxia, producing a rise
in blood pressure, heart
rate & increase in
respiration

6. Arteries of the head & neck
•External Carotid Artery:
–It begins at the level of the
upper border of the thyroid
cartilage near the greater
horn of the hyoid bone and
terminates in the substance of
the parotid gland
–At The origin:
•It lies medial to the internal
carotid then it passes back
and lateral

7. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•The internal jugular vein
lies lateral but higher up
it passes posterior and
deep.
•It is overlapped by the
anterior border of the
sternocleidomastoid
muscle

8. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
–It pass upward deep to the
posterior belly of the
digastric and stylohyoid
muscles
–It pierces the deep lamina
of the parotid fascia and
enters the gland separated
from the internal carotid
by the deep part

9. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Branches:
–Three from in front:
•Superior thyroid
•Lingual
•Facial
–Diverge widely
from each other
–Two from behind:
•Occipital
•Posterior auricular
–pass up along the
upper and lower
border of digastric

10. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•One medial:
–Ascending pharyngeal
•ascend along the side
wall of the pharynx
•Two terminal:
–Maxillary
–Superficial temporal
•Within the substance
of the parotid

11. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Superior thyroid:
–Runs vertically downward to
the upper pole of the thyroid
cartilage
–Branches:
•The superior laryngeal
artery
•A branch to the sterno-
cleidomastoid muscle.

12. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Lingual artery:
–It form a loop opposite the
tip of the greater horn of the
hyoid bone
–Pass deep to the hyoglossus
muscle to enter the
submandibular region
–Branches:
•Dorsal lingual:
–ascend to the dorsum & tip
of tongue
•Sublingual artery:
– sublingual salivary gland &
structures

13. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Facial artery:
–Ascend upward on the
superior constrictor muscle
and deep to the digastric and
stylohyoid muscles and
submandibular gland
–Indent the surface and makes
an S bend around the gland
and cross the inferior border
of the mandible at the anterior
border of the masseter

14. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery:
–Runs upward in a tortuous
course to the angle of the
mouth under the platysma
–Ascend deep to zygomaticus
and the levator labii superioris
along the side of the nose to
the medial angle of the eye
–Anastomose with the terminal
branches of the ophthalmic
artery

15. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery:
•Branches:
–Five in number then
terminate as the angular
artery
•Tonsillar artery:
–Tonsil and soft palate
•Submental artery:
–Skin of the chin and
lower lip, anterior
belly of digastric and
mylohyoid muscle and
sublingual salivary
gland.

16. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck Facial artery:
•Inferior labial artery:
–Runs medially in lower
lip, anatomizing with
opposite.
•Superior labial artery:
–Upper lip, nasal
septum and ala of nose
•Lateral nasal artery:
–Skin on the lateral and
dorsum of nose

17. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Occipital artery:
–Arises from the back at the
level of the facial artery
–Ascend backward along
the lower border of the
posterior belly of the
digastric muscle.
•Supply the back of the
scalp
•the posterior triangle
• two branches to the
sternocleidomastoid
muscle

18. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Posterior auricular artery:
–Arises above the upper
border of the digastric
muscle
–Branches:
–Auricular branches:
•supply the pinna of ear
–Stylomastoid branch:
•supply the facial nerve
–Stapedial branch:
•To the stapedius muscle

19. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Ascending pharyngeal artery:
–Arises from the medial
side at the beginning of
the external carotid
artery.
–Run deep to the internal
carotid along the side
wall of the pharynx
•Supply the pharyngeal
wall and soft palate
•Meningeal branches
through foramina

20. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Maxillary artery:
–One of the two terminal
branches of the external
carotid artery.
–Enter the infratemporal
fossa deep to the condyle
with the
Auriculotemporal nerve
superficial to it.

21. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery:
•Pass between the two
heads of lateral pterygoid
muscle deep into the
pterygomaxillary fissure
and enter the pterygo-
palatine fossa
•Leaves the fossa through
the foramen and become
the sphenopalatine artery
to the nose

22. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery:
•Branches
–Descriptively it is in three parts
in relation to the muscle,
–each part gives five branches
–Branches from the first and
third part enter bony foramina
•First part
–Before it reaches the
muscle
•Second part
–On the muscle
•Third part
–After the muscle

23. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck Maxillary artery:
•The first part:
•Inferior alveolar artery:
–Passes downward and
forward and join the
nerve and the vein at
the mandibular foreman
–passes forward in the I-
D canal supplying the
body
•Dental branches
supply lower teeth
•Mental branch supply
the lip and skin
•Atrophies in old age
when the bone resorb

24. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
–Middle meningeal artery:
•Enter the skull through
foramen spinosum
•Supply the base of the skull
–Accessory meningeal nerve:
•Enter the skull through
foramen ovale
•Chief arterial supply for the
trigeminal ganglion
–Deep auricular artery:
•Supply the external acoustic
meatus
–Anterior tympanic artery:
•Join the anastomosis around
the tympanic membrane

25. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•The second part:
–This supply the pterygoid
and the temporalis muscle,
other accompany the lingual
and long buccal nerves
•The third part:
–Posterior superior alveolar
nerve:
•Accompany nerves and enter
the bone through foramina
in the posterior wall of the
maxilla

26. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
–Greater palatine artery
•Enter the foramen and
supply the hard palate
–Pharyngeal branches:
•Enter the palatovaginal
canal
–Artery of the pterygoid
canal
–Infraorbital artery:
•Enter the inferior orbital
fissure along the floor of
the orbit then to the
infraorbital canal and
emerges in the face
through the infraorbital
foramen

27. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Superficial temporal artery:
–Is a terminal branch of the
external carotid passes
behind the TMJ crossing the
posterior root of the
zygomatic arch
–Branches widely and supply
the skin over the temporalis
fascia
–Middle temporal artery
•pierces the fascia and run
deep to the muscle

28. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Supraorbital artery:
–Is a branch of the
ophthalmic artery and
emerge with the nerve
–Is a large branch supply
the front of the scalp up to
the vertex
–Anastomoses with the
superficial temporal artery
connecting the external &
internal carotid arteries

29. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Supratrochlear artery:
–A branch of the ophthalmic,
from the internal carotid
artery
–Supply the frontal part of the
skull medially
–Anastomose with the
superficial temporal artery
establishing a free
communication between the
internal and external carotid
arteries

30. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
•Clinically:
–External carotid artery is
exposed through an incision
along the anterior border of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle,
passing downward from the
angle of the mandible
•It lies anterior and is the
only carotid with branches
in the neck

31. 09/27/24
Arteries of the head & neck
–The common carotid is
exposed through a
transverse incision over the
origin of the
sternocleidomastoid muscle
above the sternoclavicular
joint
•Free communication
between the external
carotid arteries and cross
circulation through the
circle of Willis provide
good blood supply to the
face and the cranium