Anatomy of Oral Cavity with applied anatomy.pptx

Basic anatomy of oral cavity for students of medicine and biology, this is informative slide for education purpose and for examination preparation. Describes the parts of oral cavity, right from embryonic development, muscles, blood supply and applied anatomy of those. The fun facts added make the presentation more interesting.

1. Anatomy of Oral Cavity Dr. Pratima Paudel II Year PG Scholar Shalakya Department

2. Parts Of Oral Cavity

3. Lets Begin the Journey into…….

4. Lips Soft, Movable Musculofibrous tissue labium superius oris and labium inferius oris .  upper lip extends from the nasolabial folds to the inferior margin of the nose, and the lower lip encompasses the region between the lateral commissures and the labiomental crease of the chin. The upper and lower lips intersect at the mouth angle, referred to as the commissure. This is the point at which several muscles involved in lip movement attach. The upper and lower lips connect to the gums by the frenulum labii superioris and frenulum labii inferioris , respectively.

5. Embryology Development starts at 4 th week of gestation ( to 13 th weeks ) From mesoderm Lower lips: from Mandibular process, merge by 5 th week Upper lips: from the fusion of 2 maxillary processes, 2 lateral nasal processes and medial nasal process (begins by 6 th week and may extend upto 13 th week) *Cleft lip, Cleft palate (palate: 5 th -12 th week, medial, lateral palatine process)

6. Muscles The principal muscle of the lips is the circumferential orbicularis oris , functioning primarily as a sphincter for the oral aperture.  Modiolus: formed by the decussation of several facial muscle fibers, including the orbicularis oris , levator and depressor anguli oris , risorius, platysma, buccinator, and zygomaticus major. 

7. Blood Supply and Lymphatics External carotid Facial artery S & I Labial artery

8. Nerve Supply Upper Lips Lower Lips Sensory Supply Motor Supply Sensory Supply Motor Supply infraorbital branch of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve buccal branch of the facial nerve mental nerve derived from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve   marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve

9. Fun fact- Lips don’t lie!!! The distinct pattern of grooves and sulci formed by the labial mucosa, known as the sulci labiorum , give rise to a person’s lip print. lip prints are unique to an individual and remain unchanged throughout life. These patterns are unaffected by age, trauma, inflammation, or other factors. The study of lip prints is known as cheiloscopy

10. Physiologic variants Melanotic Macules Need to be differentiated from intra oral melanoma Venous Lake Benign blanchable maculo -papule (lower lip) May resolve itself or surgical excision/ laser CPLA: Caliber persistent labial artery vascular abnormality of the lip caused by the failure of the inferior alveolar artery to appropriately taper during its superficial course after exiting the mental foramen.

11. Clinical Significance Cheilitis: Infectious or Non- infectious Drug Induced: isotretinoin, anticholinergics, antidepressants and antiretrovirals Nutrient deficiency induced: zinc, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, cobalamine , and iron insufficiencies. Types: Cheilitis Simplex Exfoliative Cheilitis Actinic Cheilitis Angular Cheilitis Granulomatous Cheilitis

12. Cheilitis Simplex / Chapping of lips Caused by exposure to freezing cold or hot dry winds Keratin tissue loses its plasticity, so lips become sore, cracked and scaly Chapped, dry lips Person tends to lick the lips or pick at the scales--- Aggravate the condition Treatment: Application of ghee, petroleum jelley , avoid harsh climate II. Exfoliative Cheilitis Due to habitual licking, biting of lips May be associated bleeding or hemorrhagic crust Management: Counseling, Oral hygiene

13. III. Actinic Cheilitis Actinic keratosis of lip/ Solar Cheilosis More common in outdoor workers in hot dry places, fair skinned people c/f: Dry lips, scaly patches on lips Redness, ulceration, loss of demarcation of vermilion border and adjacent skin Treatment: Symptomatic and prevention from turning into SCC Sun protection IV. Angular Cheilitis Predisposing factors: Oral thrush, ill fitting dentures, poor nutrition, systemic illness (IBD) c/f: painful cracks or fissure on commissure Treatment: of the cause

14. V. Granulomatous Cheilitis: Lumpy swelling of lips Cause: Allergic reaction, Crohns Disease, Sarcoidosis, Orofacial granulomatosis Repeated episode At beginning, swelling feels soft, firm and nodular Eventually becomes hard and rubber like consistency Skin biopsy reveals characteristic granulomas Treatment : Topical and injection corticosteroids into lips Surgical reduction

15. Glandular Cheilitis Inflammatory changes and swelling of minor salivary glands of lips Aetiology : Idiopathic C/f- lower lip slightly thickened and bears numerous pin-head sized orifices from which mucous saliva can readily be squeezed In 20-30% cases may progress to SCC In many cases it is a consequence of actinic cheilitis Treatment: excision of lump if required

16. Herpes Labialis Herpes simplex (HS1 virus) Recurrent, triggered by uv rays, trauma, medications etc Rx: Antiviral and symptomatic Discoid Lupus Erythematosus SCC BCC/ Rodent Ulcer

17. 8 ओष्ठ रोग (सुश्रुत) Vataja Oshtakopa : Cheilitis simplex/Chapped lips Pittaja Oshtakopa : Herpes labialis, Aphthous ulcer Kaphaja Oshtakopa : Angioedema of lips Sannipataja Oshtakopa : Actinic cheilitis Raktaja Oshtakopa : Hemangioma lips Mamsaja Oshtakopa : Carcinoma lips Medoja Oshtakopa : Glandular Cheilitis Abhighataja Oshtakopa : Traumatic ulcer

18. 11 acc. to Vagbhata Above 8 + Khandaushta : Cleft lip Jalarbuda : Mucocele/ Cyst in lips Arbuda : Benign/ Malignant tumors

19. मुखरोग निदान मात्स्यमाहिषवाराहपिशितामकमूलकम्| माषसूपदधिक्षीरसुक्तेक्षुरसफाणितम्||१|| अवाक्शय्यां   च   भजतो   द्विषतो   दन्तधावनम्| धूमर्च्छर्दनगण्डूषानुचितं   च   सिराव्यधम्||२|| कृद्धाः श्लेष्मोल्बणा दोषाः कुर्वन्त्यन्तर्मुखं गदान्| ( As. H.U. 21 ) आनूपपिशितक्षीरदधिमाषादिसेवनात्। मुखमध्ये गदान्कुर्यु : क्रुध्दा दोषा : कफोत्तरा : ।। ( यो.र. / मा.नि )

20. References: Piccinin MA, Zito PM. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Lips. [Updated 2021 Jun 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507900/ Yoon H, Chung IS, Seol EY, Park BY, Park HW. Development of the lip and palate in staged human embryos and early fetuses. Yonsei Med J. 2000 Aug;41(4):477-84. doi : 10.3349/ymj.2000.41.4.477. PMID: 10992809. Netter’s Head & Neck Anatom y for Dentistry, Elsvier’s publication, 3 rd Edition, page no. 343 Tortora and Derrickson, Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Wiley Publication Textbook of Shalakya Tantra- Dr. Nishteshwar , Dr. Aparna Sharma, Dr. Narayan Vidhwansh , Dr. Atul Bhardwaj

21. Until We meet the next time… Keep learning…