Anatomy of pulp chamber

By
Karishma Ashok

1. BY: KARISHMA ASHOK ROLL NO: 33 IV/I ANATOMY OF PULP CAVITY

2. INTRODUCTION For the success of an endodontic therapy, the knowledge of pulp anatomy cannot be ruled out. It is essential to have kbowledge about normal configuration of pulp cavity and its variations. As the external morphology of the tooth changes, so does the internal morphology.

3. PULP CAVITY The pulp cavity is the central cavity within a tooth and is entirely enclosed by dentin except at apical foramen. It is divided into: 1. Coronal portion pulp chamber 2. Radicular portion root canal

4. PULP CHAMBER Occupies the coronal portion of pulp cavity. In anterior teeth, the pulp chamber gradually merges into the root canal and the division becomes indistinct. In multi-rooted tooth, pulp cavity consists of a single pulp chamber and usually 3 or more root canals. ROOF OF PULP CAVITY: consists of dentin covering the pulp chamber occlussaly or incisally .

5. PULP HORN : Accentuation of the roof of pulp chamber directly under a cusp or developmental lobe. FLOOR OF PULP CHAMBER: runs parallel to the roof and consists of dentin bounding the pulp chamber near cervical area of tooth, particularly dentin forming the furcation area.

6. CANAL ORIFICES: openings in the floor of pulp chamber leading to the root canals. They are not separate structures but are continuous with the pulp chamber and root canals

7. ISTHMUS “A narrow passage or anatomic part connecting two larger structures (root canals) “ Identified using METHYLENE BLUE DYE Contains pulp or pulpally derived tissue and acts as store house for bacteria Therfore should be well prepared and filed

8. Hsu n Kin 1997 classified isthmus as: Type I Type II Type III Type IV

9. ROOT CANALS “Portion of the pulp cavity from the canal orifice to the apical foramen” Parts : Apical constriction (minor diameter) Apical foramen (major diameter) Cemento -dentinal junction Accessory canals Lateral canals

10. CLASSIFICATIONS VERTUCCI’S CLASSIFICATION: Type I: 1 canal extends from the pulp chamber to apex. (1) Type II: 2 separate canals leave the pulp chamber and join short of apex to form 1 canal(2-1) Type III: 1 canal leaves the pulp chamber and divides into 2 roots; the two then merge to exit as 1 canal. (1-2-1)

11. Type IV: 2 separate distinct canals extend from the pulp chamber to apex. (2) Type V: 1 canal exits the pulp chamber and divides short of the apex into 2 separate canals with separate apical foramina. (1-2 ) Type VI: 2 separate canals leave the pulp chamber, merge in the body of root and redivide short of apex to exit as 2 distinct canals. (2-1-2)

12. Type VII : 1 canal leaves the pulp chamber, divides and then rejoins in the body of root and finally redivides into 2 distinct canals short of the apex. (1-2-1-2) Type VIII: 3 separate distinct canals extend from pulp chamber to apex (3)

13. WEINE’S CLASSIFICATION Type I: Type II: Type III: Type IV:

14. Classification of C-shaped canals Melton’s classification I- C shaped outline without seperation II- Semicolon (;) shaped with distinct mesial canal III- two or more discrete canals

15. 2. F an’s classification I- C shaped outline without seperation II- Semicolon (;) shaped with distinct mesial canal ( but α or β >60 ) III- two or more discrete canals (but α or β <60 ) IV- only 1 oval canal V- no canal could be observed (usually near the apex)

16. METHODS OF DETERMINING PULP ANATOMY CLINICAL METHODS Anatomy studies Radiographs Explorations High resolution compound tomography Visualisation endogram Fiberoptic endoscope Magnetic resonance imaging

17. IN VITRO METHODS sectioning of teeth use of dyes Contrasting media Scanning electron microscope analysis

18. VARIATIONS IN INTERNAL ANATOMY Variations in development Gemination Fusion Concrescence Taurodontism Talon’s cusp Dilaceration Extra root canal Dens invaginatus Dens evaginatus

19. In most cases, the number of root canals corresponds with the number of roots. Sometimes there may be an additional canal: Mesial root of mandibular 1 molar almost always has 2 canals Distal root of mandibular 1 molar, ocassionally has 2 canals Mesiobuccal root of maxillary 1 molar has frequently 2 canals Mandibular premolar may have 2 canals

20. Variation in shape Gradual curve Apical curve C-shaped Bayonet shaped Sickle shaped

21. Variations because of pathology Pulp stones Internal resorption External resorption

22. Variations in apical third Different position of apical foramen Open apex

23. Lateral and accessory canals