ANATOMY OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS_Synovial .pptt

GENERAL ANATOMY OF JOINTS

1. JOINTS
Dr. SOMESH M.S.
MBBS, MD
Associate Professor

2. OVERVIEW
Joints -definition
Classification -Structural &Functional
Different Varieties of Joints with Examples
Synovial Joint -Classification with Examples
Synovial Joint -Blood supply & Nerve supply
Applied Aspects / Clinical Anatomy

3. JOINTS
Definition:
Junction between 2 or
more bones or
cartilages, a device to
permit movement
Related terms:
Arthron(G),
Articulation(L),
Junctura(L),
Syndesmology(G)

4. STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION
Presence of Space & Type of Connective tissue that
binds two bones:
1. FIBROUS JOINTS(solid joints) –Fibrous Tissue binds
two bones
2. Cartilaginous Joints(solid joints) -Pad of cartilage
between two bones
3. Synovial Joints (Cavitatedjoints) –synovial fluid with
Synovial cavity

5. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
Degree of Mobility -
Synarthroses -Fibrous Joints
(IMMOVABLE & Fixed )
Amphiarthroses -Cartilaginous Joints
 (Slightly Movable)
Diarthroses -Synovial Joints
 ( Freely Movable)

6. FIBROUS JOINTS
SUTURES
A . Serrate -Sagittal
B. Denticulate –
Lambdoid
C. Squamous –Parietal
&Temporal
D . Plane –Maxillae
E . Wedge & Groove
(schindylesis)

7. SYNDESMOSIS
Two Bones are united by-
INTEROSSEOUS
LIGAMENT ( Collagen
fibres)
Persist throughout life
Partially Movable
Eg: Beween radius & ulna
Inferior tibio-fibular joint

8. GOMPHOSIS
PEG & SOCKET JOINT
Roots of tooth fits into
Socket (alveolar) of jaw
United by Fibrous
membrane

9. CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS
PRIMARY CARTILAGINOUS
(Synchondrosis)
Plate of hyaline cartilage
Strong & Immovable &Temporary
Eg: Epiphysis& Diaphysis
Body of sphenoid* basilar of occipital
SECONDARY CARTILAGINOUS
(Symphysis)
Disc of Fibrocartilage
Slightly Movable & Permanent
Median Plane of body
Eg: Intervertebral jts.,
Pubic Symphysis, ManubriosternalJt.

10. General Structure of Synovial Joints
1.Articular cartilage
Hyaline
Spongy cushions absorb
compression
Protects ends of bones from
being crushed
2.Joint (synovial) cavity
Potential space
Small amount of synovial fluid

11. General structure of synovial joints (cont.)
3. Articular (or joint) capsule
Two layers
Outer*: fibrous capsule of
dense irregular connective
tissue continuous with
periosteum
Inner*: synovial membrane
of loose connective tissue
(makes synovial fluid)
Lines all internal joint surfaces
notcovered by cartilage*
*
*
*

12. General structure of synovial joints (cont.)
4. Synovial fluid
Filtrate of blood
Contains special glycoproteins
Nourishes cartilage and
functions as slippery lubricant
“Weeping” lubricatioin
5. Reinforcing ligaments (some
joints)
Capsular (most) –thickened
parts of capsule
Extracapsular
Intracapsular

13. DIARTHROSIS (SYNOVIAL JOINTS)
UNIAXIAL-only 1°freedom
1.Hingejoint-flexion & extension
2.–Transverse Axis
Eg: ELBOW JT. , Ankle Jt.
2. Pivotjoint-rotation -
Vertical Axis
Eg: ATLANTO-AXIAL JT.,
Superior Radio-Ulnar Jt.

14. BIAXIAL -2°freedom, Two Axis
CondylarJt-TransverseAxis & Rotation–
Flexion & Extension, Side-side & limited rotation
Eg: Knee Jt, MetacarpoPhalangeal Jt.
TemporoMandibularjt.
EllipsoidJt-Convex Elliptical -Concave Elliptical
TransverseAxis & Antero-Posterior Axis
Flexion, extension, abduction & adduction
Little rotation
Eg: Wrist Jt. ( RadiocarpalJt.)

15. MULTIAXIAL -3°freedom, Three Axis
SADDLE Jt-Reciprocally Concavo –Convex
TransverseAxis & Antero-Posterior Axis & rotation
flexion, extension, rotation
abduction, adduction,
Eg: 1
st
Carpometacarpal jt
BALL & SOCKET Jt-
Above + circumduction
Eg: Hip Jt, Shoulder Jt.

16. PLANE SYNOVIAL JOINT
PLANE Jt-
gliding movement,
One bone slips over
other bone
Intercarpal
Intertarsal
acromioclavicular

17. CLASSIFICATION
other type
SIMPLE -only 2bones -eg: Interphalangeal jt
COMPOUND -More than 2 bones, but single capsule -
eg: Ankle jt
COMPLEX -More than 2 bones & divided into 2
compartments by articular disc eg: Knee Jt

18. Blood Supply:
Articular &Epiphyseal br. From neighboring A form
Periarticular Arterial Plexus
Br. From these –pierce fibrous capsule –Vascular plexus –
Supplies Synovial Membrane, Epiphysis
Articular CARILAGE IS AVASCULAR
Nerve Supply:
Capsule&Ligaments –Rich Nerve supply–Pain Sensitive
Synovial Membrane & Articular Cartilage –Poor nerve
Supply
Hilton’s Law: Nerve that supplies the jt. Also supplies to
Muscles producing its movements & also to skin over the jt.