Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System.pdf

Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System

1. Good morning!

2. Place the tips of your index and middle
fingers on your opposite wrist.

Feel for a pulsations and count the beats
for 15 seconds.

Then, multiply that number by four to find
out how many times your heart beats in
one minute.
What is your PULSE RATE?
1.
2.
3.

3. CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
ANATOMY
Mary Rose E. Catalbas, MD

4. Name and describe the main parts of the
cardiovascular system.

Identify the location of the heart in the
body and describe the gross structure of
the heart.

Identify and describe the internal
structures of the heart and the location
and structure of each of the valves.
Today, we will:
1.
2.
3.

5. Trace the course of blood flow through
the right and left sides of the heart. Trace
the blood supply of the heart.

Compare and contrast the structure of
arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Identify the fetal vascular modifications,
describe their function before birth, and
identify their remnants.
Today, we will:
4.
5.
6.

8. CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
TRANSPORT
=

9. Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels

10. Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Size
•approximately the size of a fist
•weighs less than 1 pound
•~14 cm long, 9 cm wide

11. Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Location
•thoracic cavity
•inferior mediastinum

12. Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Location
The heart is __________ to the lungs,
___________ to the sternum, ___________ to
the vertebral column, and ___________ to the
diaphragm.

It’s distal end, the _______, points toward the left
hip and rests on the diaphragm, at the level of
the 5th intercostal space.

It’s broad posterosuperior aspect, or ______,
from which the great vessels of the body emerge,
point toward the right shoulder and lies beneath
the 2nd rib.

13. Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Location
The heart is __________ to the lungs,
___________ to the sternum, ___________ to
the vertebral column, and ___________ to the
diaphragm.

It’s distal end, the _______, points toward the left
hip and rests on the diaphragm, at the level of
the 5th intercostal space.

It’s broad posterosuperior aspect, or ______,
from which the great vessels of the body emerge,
point toward the right shoulder and lies beneath
the 2nd rib.
medial posterior
anterior
superior
apex
base

14. Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
The heart is enclosed by a
sac called pericardium:
•fibrous pericardium
•serous pericardium
⚬parietal layer
⚬visceral layer
(epicardium)
⚬produces serous
fluid which collects
in the pericardial
cavity
Gross Structure

15. Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Heart wall is composed of:
•epicardium
•myocardium
⚬thick bundles of cardiac
muscle linked by
intercalated discs
￭desmosomes
￭gap junctions
•endocardium
⚬continuous with lining of
blood vessels
Gross Structure

16. Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Heart wall is composed of:
•epicardium
•myocardium
⚬thick bundles of cardiac
muscle linked by
intercalated discs
￭desmosomes
￭gap junctions
•endocardium
⚬continuous with lining of
blood vessels
Gross Structure

17. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
The heart has 4
valves:
•atrioventricular
valves
⚬bicuspid or
mitral valve
⚬tricuspid valve
•semilunar valves
⚬aortic valve
⚬pulmonic valve
Gross Structure

18. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
chordae tendineae -
tiny white cords,
anchor the cusps to
the walls of the
ventricles.
Gross Structure

19. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
Each semilunar
valve has three
cusps that fit tightly
when the valves
are closed.

20. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
The heart functions as a double pump.
•arteries = away
•veins = toward

Right side (pulmonary circuit):
•superior and inferior vena cava --> right atrium --> right
ventricle --> pulmonary trunk --> right and left
pulmonary arteries --> lungs --> pulmonary veins

Left side (systemic circuit):
•left atrium --> left ventricle --> aorta --> systemic
arteries --> body tissues --> systemic veins --> superior
and inferior vena cava

21. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
Coronary circulation

22. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
Coronary circulation

23. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
Coronary circulation

24. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
Coronary circulation

25. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
Vascular system
•closed transport
system where blood
circulates inside blood
vessels
•arteries and veins -
conducting vessels
•capillaries - intertwine
among body cells,
where exchange
between tissue cells
and blood occur

26. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
Tunics
•tunica externa
⚬fibrous connective tissue
⚬support & protect
•tunica media
⚬smooth muscle & elastic
fibers
⚬changing the diameter of
vessel
•tunica intima
⚬thin layer of endothelium
resting on a basement
membrane
⚬lines the lumen

27. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Arteries Veins
Walls
Thicker, Thicker
tunica media
Thinner tunica
media, Thicker
tunica externa
Lumen diameter Smaller Larger
Presence of
valves
No Yes
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
To enhance
venous return:
•Skeletal
pump
(skeletal
muscle
activity)
•Respiratory
pump

28. Gross Structure
anterior
superior
apex
Parts of the Cardiovascular
System:
1 Heart 2Blood vessels
Gross Structure
•Precapillary sphincters -
regulate blood flow
•Vascular shunt - vessel that
directly connects the arteriole
and venule at opposite ends
of the bed
Capillaries
•walls are only one cell
layer thick (tunica intima)
•form interweaving
capillary beds

Microcirculation - flow of
blood from an arteriole to a
venule, through a capillary
bed.

Blood flow is controlled by
the level of constriction of
terminal arteriole.

29. Umbilical cord
•one umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries
(AVA)
⚬umbilical vein - carries blood rich in nutrients
and oxygen from placenta to fetus
⚬umbilical artery - carries blood with carbon
dioxide and metabolic waste products from
fetus to placenta

Umbilical vein --> Ductus venosus --> Inferior vena
cava --> Right atrium

Right atrium --> Foramen ovale --> Left atrium -->
Aorta --> Fetal body tissues --> Umbilical artery

Right atrium --> Right ventricle --> Pulmonary trunk
--> Ductus arteriosus --> Aorta --> Fetal body tissues
--> Umbilical artery

Ligamentum
venosum
Ligamentum
arteriosum
Fossa ovalis

30. Name and describe the main parts
of the cardiovascular system.

Identify the location of the heart in
the body and describe the gross
structure of the heart.

Identify and describe the internal
structures of the heart and the
location and structure of each of the
valves.
Today, were we able to?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Trace the course of blood flow through
the right and left sides of the heart.
Trace the blood supply of the heart.

Compare and contrast the structure of
arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Identify the fetal vascular modifications,
describe their function before birth, and
identify their remnants.

31. Evaluation
1.Describe the structure of the heart.
2.Identify the location of the heart in the thoracic cavity.
3.Trace the blood flow of the heart from the superior and inferior vena
cava, including the valves of the heart.
4.Compare and contrast arteries and veins according to lumen thickness,
diameter, and presence of valves.
5.Identify the vascular modifications or fetal shunts. What are their
function before birth? What are their remnants?