ANATOMY OF TONGUE Fof Bsc nursing.pptx1.pptx

It's updated for help of students all things regarding anatomy of tongue are mentioned in this PPT

1. Presentation on tongue Presented by MR. AKASH KALE P.B.Bsc(N)

2. Introduction The tongue is a muscular organ of the oral cavity and is an accessory digestive organ in the digestive system. It has many functions of which the most important are mastication, taste, swallowing, speech, and clearing the oral cavity.

3. The Tongue The tongue is also known as lingua or glossa is a highly mobile muscular organ that can vary greatly in shape. It is situated partly in the mouth and partly in the oropharynx.

4. Part of tongue It has a root, body, tip, a dorsal surface, a ventral surface and two lateral borders Tip tip of the tongue also known as apex of tongue a pointed portion towards the front of the mouth. It is also extremely mobile

5. The body of tongue The body of the tongue is the part of the tongue that lies behind the tip. The body of the tongue has a dorsal (superior) surface and a ventral (inferior) surface. The root of the tongue is the back third of the tongue that's attached to the hyoid bone and the mandible (lower jaw). It's located near the throat and is relatively fixed in place.

6. Surface of the tongue Tongue has a two surfaces Dorsal surface Ventral surface

7. Surface of the tongue Dorsal surface The dorsal surface of tongue is covered by mucous membrane. A V-shaped groove, the sulcus terminalis, divides this surface into anterior two-third or palatine part and posterior one-third or pharyngeal part. At the apex of the V is a small foramen cecum.

8. A shallow median groove extends from the tip to the foramen cecum, dividing the anterior two-third into right and left halves. The mucous membrane of anterior two-third of dorsum of tongue is rough due to the presence of microscopic projections called papillae. Mucous membrane of posterior one-third of tongue shows collections of lymphoid tissue called lingual tonsil.

9. B. Ventral surface The ventral surface of the tongue is covered by smooth mucous membrane. There is a median mucous fold, the frenulum linguae, stretching from this surface to the floor of the mouth. On either side of the frenulum, the deep lingual vein can be seen.

10. Applied anatomy ORAL TEMPERATURE While measuring oral temperature, the patient is asked to hold the thermometer in the mouth specifically below the lingua (tongue), which measures the core temperature and is highly vascular. SUBLINGUAL DRUGH ADMINISTRATION • Nitroglycerine is a drug of choice administered sublingually that is it is placed below the tongue to treat angina.

11. Muscles of the Tongue Muscles of the tongue are grouped into two parts Intrinsic muscles extrinsic muscles. Intrinsic muscles The intrinsic muscles A median fibrous septum divides the tongue into right and left halves. Each half has four Intrinsic muscles Superior longitudinal muscle Inferior longitudinal muscle Transverse muscle Vertical muscle

12. 2. extrinsic muscles The extrinsic muscles of the tongue are: Genioglossus Hyoglossus Styloglossus  Palatoglossus.

13. Nerve Supply Motor nerve supply All the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue, except palatoglossus are supplied by the hypoglossal nerve. The palatoglossus is supplied by cranial accessory through vagus. Sensory nerve supply Tongue is divided into anterior two-third and posterior one-third. In the anterior two-third of tongue, general sensory (pain, temperature, touch, pressure, etc.) supply is by the lingual nerve, a branch of mandibular nerve (which is a branch of trigeminal, the V cranial nerve).*

14. Special sensory Special sensory (gustatory or taste) supply is by the chorda tympani branch of facial nerve (VII cranial nerve). Both the general and special sensations from the posterior one-third of the tongue are carried by the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX cranial). The posterior most part is supplied by internal laryngeal nerve, a branch of vagus. The circumvallate papillae, even though situated anterior to sulcus terminalis, are supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve (due to developmental reasons).

15. Blood supply The lingual arteries (branch of external carotid artery) supply blood to the tongue. The corresponding veins drain into the internal jugular veins. Lymphatic Drainage Lymph from the tongue drains into the superior and inferior deep cervical lymph

16. Histology of Tongue Tongue is covered by stratified squamous epithelium. The mucous membrane covering dorsal aspect of tongue has numerous papillae. There are three different types of papillae-filiform, fungiform and circumvallate. The fungiform and circumvallate papillae have taste buds. The mucous membrane covering ventral aspect is similar to the rest of oral cavity and is lined by non-keratinized squamous epithelium. The substance of the tongue is made up chiefly of skeletal tissue supported by connective tissue.