anatomyphysiologyoffemalereproductivesystem-130506124715-phpapp02.ppt

anatomy and physiology of the reproductive system

1. Anatomy & Physiology Of
Female Reproductive System

2. Learning Objectives
Define the terms listed.
Identify the female external
reproductive organs.
Explain the structure of the bony
pelvis.
Explain the functions and structures
of pelvic floor.

3. Introduction

4. External Female Structures
Collectively, the external
female reproductive
organs are called the
Vulva.

5. External Female Structures
Mons Pubis.
Labia Majora
Labia Minora.
Clitoris.
Vestibule.
Perineum

6. Mons Pubis
Isrounded,softfullnessof
subcutaneousfattytissue,prominence
overthesymphysispubisthatforms
theanteriorborderoftheexternal
reproductiveorgans.
It is covered with varying amounts
of pubic hair.

7. Labia Majora & Minora
The labia Majora are two rounded,
fleshy folds of tissue that extended
from the mons pubis to the perineum.
It is protect the labia minora, urinary
meatus and vaginal introitus.

8. Labia Minora
It is located between the labia majora,
are narrow.
The lateral and anterior aspects are
usually pigmented.
The inner surfaces are similar to
vaginal mucosa, pink and mois.
Their rich vascularity.

9. Clitoris.
The term clitoris comes from a
Greek word meaning key.
Erectile organ.
It’s rich vascular, highly sensitive
to temperature, touch, and
pressure sensation

10. Vestibule.
Isoval-shapedareaformed
betweenthelabiaminora,clitoris,
andfourchette.
Vestibulecontainstheexternal
urethralmeatus,vaginalintroitus,
andBartholinsglands.

11. Perineum
Is the most posterior part of the
external female reproductive organs.
It extends from fourchette anteriorly
to the anus posteriorly.
And is composed of fibrous and
muscular tissues that support pelvic
structures.

13. Internal Female Structures
Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries

15. Fallopian tubes
The two tubes extended from the
cornu of the uterus to the ovary.
It runs in the upper free border of
the broad ligament.
Length 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm
Its divided into 4 parts.

17. 1. Interstitial part
Which runs into uterine cavity,
passes through the myometrium
between the fundus and body of
the uterus. About 1-2cm in
length.

18. 2. Isthmus
Which is the narrow part of
the tube adjacent to the
uterus.
Straight and cord like ,
about 2 –3 cm in length.

19. 3. Ampulla
Which is the wider part about
5 cm in length.
Fertilization occurs in the
ampulla.

20. 4. Infundibulum
It is funnel or trumpet shaped.
Fimbriae are fingerlike processes, one
of these is longer than the other and
adherent to the ovary.
The fimbriae become swollen almost
erectile at ovulation.

21. Functions
Gamete transport (ovum pickup,
ovum transport, sperm transport).
Final maturation of gamete post
ovulate oocyte maturation, sperm
capicitation.

22. Fluid environment for early
embryonic development.
Transport of fertilized and
unfertilized ovum to the uterus.

23. Ovaries
Oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness,
2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length
respectively. Each weights about 4–8 gm.
Ovary is located on each side of the
uterus, below and behind the uterine tubes

24. Structure of the ovaries
Cortex
Medulla
Hilum

25. Ovaries and Relationship
to Uterine Tube and Uterus
Figure 28–14

26. Function of the ovary
Secrete estrogen & progesterone.
Production of ova

27. Uterus
The uterus is a hollow, pear shaped
muscular organ.
The uterus measures about 7.5 X 5
X 2.5 cmand weight about 50 –60
gm.

28. Its normal position is anteverted
(rotated forward and slightly
antiflexed(flexed forward)
The uterus divided into three
parts

29. 1. Body of the uterus
The upper part is the corpus, or body
of the uterus
The fundus is the part of the body or
corpus above the area where the
fallopian tubes enter the uterus.
Length about 5 cm.

30. 2. Isthmus
A narrower transition zone.
Is between the corpus of the uterus
and cervix.
During late pregnancy, the isthmus
elongates and is known as the lower
uterine segment.

31. 3. Cervix
The lowermost position of the
uterus “neck”.
The length of the cervix is about
2.5 t0 3 cm.

32. The os, is the opening in the cervix
that runs between the uterus and
vagina.
The upper part of the cervix is marked
by internal os and the lower cervix is
marked by the external os.

33. Layers of the uterus
Perimetrium.
Myometrium.
Endometrium.

35. 1. Perimetrium
Istheouterperitoneallayerof
serousmembranethatcovers
mostoftheuterus.

36. Laterally,theperimetriumis
continuouswiththebroad
ligamentsoneithersideofthe
uterus.

37. 2. Myometrium
Isthemiddlelayerofthick
muscle.
Mostofthemusclefibersare
concentratedintheupperuterus,
andtheirnumberdiminishes
progressivelytowardthecervix.

38. The myometrium
contains threetypes of
smooth muscle fiber

39. Longitudinal fibers (outer layer)
Whicharefoundmostlyinthe
fundusandaredesignedto
expelthefetusefficiently
towardthepelvicoutletduring
birth.

40. Middle layer figure-8 fibers
Thesefibercontractafter
birthtocompresstheblood
vesselsthatpassbetween
themtolimitbloodloss.

41. Inner layer circular fibers
Which form constrictions where the
fallopian tubes enter the uterus and
surround the internal os
Circular fibers prevent reflux of
menstrual blood and tissue into the
fallopian tubes.

42. Promote normal implantation of
the fertilized ovum by controlling
its entry into the uterus.
And retain the fetus until the
appropriate time of birth.

43. 3. Endometrium
Is the inner layer of the uterus.
It is responsive to the cyclic
variations of estrogen and
progesterone during the female
reproductive cycle every month.

44. The two or three layers of the
endometrium are:
*Compact layer
*The basal layer
*The functional or Spongelayer this
layer is shed during each menstrual period
and after child birth in the lochia

45. The Function of the uterus
Menstruation ----the uterus
sloughs off the endometrium.
Pregnancy ---the uterus support
fetus and allows the fetus to grow.

46. Labor and birth---the uterine
muscles contract and the cervix
dilates during labor to expel the
fetus

47. Vagina
It is an elastic fibro-muscular tube
and membranous tissue about 8 to
10 cm long.
Lying between the bladder
anteriorly and the rectum
posteriorly.

48. The vagina connects the uterus
above with the vestibule below.
The upper end is blind and called
the vaginal vault.

49. Thevaginallininghasmultiple
folds,orrugaeandmusclelayer.
Thesefoldsallowthevaginato
stretchconsiderablyduring
childbirth.

50. Thereactionofthevagina
isacidic,thepHis4.5that
protectsthevaginaagainst
infection.

51. Functions of the vagina
To allow discharge of the
menstrual flow.
As the female organs of coitus.
To allow passage of the fetus from
the uterus.

52. Support structures
The bony pelvissupport
and protects the lower
abdominal and internal
reproductive organs.

53. Muscle,Jointsandligaments
provideaddedsupportfor
internalorgansofthepelvis
againstthedownwardforceof
gravityandtheincreasesin
intra-abdominalpressure

54. Bony Pelvis
Bony Pelvis Is Composed of 4
bones:
1. Two hip bones.
2. Sacrum.
3. Coccyx.

55. 1. Two hip bones.
Each or hip bone is composed
of three bones:
*Ilium
*Ischium
*Pubis

56. *Ilium
It is the flared out part.
The greater part of its inner
aspect is smooth and concave,
forming the iliac fossa.
The upper border of the ilium is
called iliac crest

57. *Ischium
It is the thick lower part.
It has a large prominence
known as the ischial tuberosity
on which the body rests while
sitting.

58. Behindandlittleabovethe
tuberosityisaninward
projectiontheischialspine.

59. 2. Sacrum
Is a wedge shaped bone consisting of
five vertebrae.
The anterior surface of the sacrum is
concave
The upper border of the first sacral
vertebra known as the sacral
promontory

60. 3. Coccyx.
Consists of four
vertebrae forming a
small triangular bone.