and introduction to auto immune conditions, treatments and testing

introduction to autoimmune diseases

1. AIM OF THIS PRESENTATION
Introduce the important components of
the Autoimmune Diseases.
Demonstrate what happens when things
go wrong & the body turns against itself
(Autoimmunity)
Provide examples of Autoimmune Disease
Such as Graves ,Rheumatology.

2. OVER VIEW OF THE PRESENTATION
TOPICS COVERED
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEAS
CAUSES
RISK FACTORS
DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
GRAVES DIESEASE
RHEUMATOID DISEASE
RECENT RESEARCH

3. AUTOIMMUNITY
Autoimmunity is the failure of an
organism to recognize its own
constituent parts as self, which results in
an immune response against its own
cells and tissues.

4. AUTO IMMUNE DISEASES
Autoimmune diseases are disorders in which
the body's immune system reacts against
some of its own tissue and produces
antibodies to attack itself.

5. AUTO ANTIBODIES
Auto antibodies are the antibodies that attack
its own cells, tissues, and/or organs. This
causes inflammation and damage and it
leads to autoimmune disorders.

6. PROMINENT EXAMPLES
COELIAC DISEASE
DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 (IDDM),
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE),
SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME
CHURG-STRAUSS SYNDROME
HASHIMOTO'S THYROIDITIS
GRAVES' DISEASE
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (RA).

7. HISTORY
Paul Ehrlich, at the beginning of the twentieth
century, proposed the concept of horror
autotoxicus, where in a 'normal' body does
not mount an immune response against its
own tissues. Thus, any autoimmune
response was perceived to be abnormal
and postulated to be connected with
human disease.

8. DESCRIPTION
The immune system is a network of organs,
cells and molecules that work together to
defend the body against attacks by foreign
(not of the body) invaders such as germs,
bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi.

9. In general terms, when antibodies are
directed against the body's own cells, or when
B and T cells attack and destroy their own
body's cells and not foreign antigens, an
autoimmune disorder can result

10. The autoimmune process can have
varied consequences. For example,
slow destruction of a particular type of
cell or tissue.
stimulation of an organ into excessive
growth or interference in its functions.

11. THYROID
PANCREAS
ADRENAL GLANDS
RED BLOOD CELLS
CONNECTIVE TISSUES

12. CLASSIFICATION OF
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE
Autoimmune disorders fall into two general
types:
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
Localized Autoimmune Diseases

13. Systemic Autoimmune
Diseases
Non-organ-specific or Systemic Autoimmune
Diseases are those that damage many organs .
For example,
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
Sjogren's syndrome
Lupus Erythematosus
Scleroderma,

14. Localized Autoimmune
Diseases
Organ-specific or Localized Autoimmune
Diseases are those where only a single
organ or tissue is directly damaged by the
autoimmune process .For example
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus,
Hashimoto's thyroiditis,
Celiac disease,
Crohn's disease.

15. In some cases, a person may have
more than one autoimmune disease; for
example, persons with Addison's
disease often have type 1 diabetes,
while persons with sclerosing cholangitis
often have ulcerative colitis.

16. In some cases, the antibodies may not
be directed at a specific tissue or organ;
for example, antiphospholipid
antibodies can react with clotting
proteins in the blood, leading to
formation of blood clots within the blood
vessels (thrombosis).

17. AUTOIMMUNITY LEVEL
High level of autoimmunity is unhealthy, a
low level of autoimmunity may actually be
beneficial.

18. CAUSES
The cause of autoimmune diseases is
unknown, but it appears that there is an
inherited predisposition to develop
autoimmune disease in many cases.

19. In a few types of autoimmune disease
(such as rheumatic fever), a bacteria or
virus triggers an immune response, and
the antibodies or T-cells attack normal
cells because they have some part of
their structure that resembles a part of
the structure of the infecting
microorganism.

20. RISK FACTORS:
Genetic factor ,
Environmental toxins,
Gender,
Heredity,
viruses,
Drugs,
Stress,
poor diet,
lack of exercise,
lack of sleep,
abuse of alcohol and use of tobacco.

21. Genetic Factors:
Three main sets of genes are suspected in
many autoimmune diseases. These genes
are related to:
Immunoglobulins
T-cell receptors
The major histocompatibility
complexes(MHC).

22. Gender:
A person's sex also seems to have a major role
in the development of autoimmunity.
most of the known autoimmune diseases
tend to show a female preponderance.
Ankylosing spondylitis,male preponderance
Crohn's disease, males and females

23. SYMPTOMS OF
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
The symptoms and signs vary
by specific autoimmune
disease. The common
symptoms are:
Fatigue
Affect on Weight
Muscle pain
Insomnia(not able to sleep)
Inflammation

24. DIAGNOSIS OF
AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.
Autoantibody blood tests
blood tests to measure inflammation
and organ function
clinical presentation
X-rays

25. TREATMENT OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
Immunosuppressant drugs
-to inhibit the activity of the immune system.
Helminthictherapy
-inoculation of the patient with specific parasitic
intestinal nematodes
Radiation of the lymph nodes and
plasmapheresis
Treatment for the deficiency
-for example, insulin injections in the case of
diabetes.

26. Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases
Anti-inflammatorydrugs
-toreduceinflammationandpain.
Corticosteroids
-to reduce inflammation. They are sometimes
used to treat an acute flare of symptoms.
Pain-killing medication
-such as paracetamol and codeine.