Andrographis paniculata

Andrographis paniculata

1. ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA

2. ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA PREPAR ED BY :- DR ABDUL SAMI (M.Phil. Eastern Medicine)

3. ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant Native to India and Sri Lanka It is known as king of bitters

4. FAMILY Acanthaceae

5. ARABIC NAME Andrografis Kariyaat

6. URDU NAME Kariyaat Kalmegh Mahatita

7. ENGLISH NAME The Creat

8. TEMPERAMENT Warm and dry in second order

9. MORPHOLOGY It is an erect, annual herb It is 30-90 cm tall with upper part of stem quadrangular while lower part nearly rounded stem

10. PARTS USED Whole herb Leaves Root

11. Quality it tastes bitter

12. Cultivation It is widely cultivated in Southern and Southeastern Asia, where it has been traditionally used to treat infections and some diseases. The plant does best in a sunny location. The seeds are sown during May and June .

13. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

14. Chemical Constituents Andrographolide is the major constituent extracted from the leaves of the plant. its molecular formula and weight are C20H30O5 and 350.4 Andrographolide has been reported to have a wide range of biological activities , such as Anti-inflammatory Anti-allergic Antiplatelet aggregation Hepatoprotective Anti-HIV

15. Chemical Constituents Some known constituents are: Andrographine Neoandrographolide Panicoline Paniculide-A Paniculide-B Paniculide-C

16. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS

17. Antioxidant Defense Antioxidant defense systems may only partially prevent oxidative damage the aqueous extract increased the activities of antioxidant defense enzymes such as Catalase Superoxide dismutase

18. Anti-Inflammatory Effects Andrographolide reduce the inflammation caused by Histamine Dimethyl benzene Adrenaline The secretion of proinflmmatory cytokines from macrophages stimulated and promoted by lipopolysaccharide Results in increased production of NO that lead to inflammation Andrographolide incubated with macrophages have been reported to inhibit LPS-stimulated NO production in a concentration-dependent manner

19. Immunomodulatory Activity Andrographolide stimulate antibody production Andrographolide stimulate an innate immune response which is measured according to The macrophage migration Phagocytosis Proliferation of splenic lymphocytes

20. Antimicrobial Effects Antibacterial activity of A.paniculata has been reported against Salmonella Shigella E.coli gram A streptococci Staphylococcus aureus

21. Hepatoprotective Activity A . paniculata as a hepatostimulant and hepatoprotective agent Andrographolide attenuated concanavalin A-induced liver injury and inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis. Andrographolide induce hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation.

22. Antimalarial Effects It exhibit antimalarial activity Chemical constituents like Andrographolide Neoandrographolide Deoxyandrographolide Shows anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium berghei

23. Anti-HIV Effects Andrographolide administration significantly improved the CD4+ lymphocyte count from a baseline mean of 405 cells/mm3 to 501 cells/mm3 in HIV positive patients.

24. MEDICINAL USES

25. Medicinal Uses Expressed juices of leaves of Creat brings useful results in :- Sluggish liver Dyspepsia associated with gaseous distention of the bowels In general debility Advanced stages of dysentery

26. Medicinal Uses Tincture is especially when combined with detoxified arsenic referred as Useful against intermittent and remittent fevers It is also effective as tonic Stimulant Gently aperient

27. Medicinal Uses Green leaves with anise seeds are useful Stomachic tonic Anthelmintic

28. Medicinal Uses Juice of leaves with cardamoms , cloves and cinnamon form useful domestic remedy in Griping Irregular stools Loss of appetite Flatulence Diarrhea Anthelmintic

29. Medicinal Uses Used as hepatoprotective in traditional formulations .

30. Compound Preparations Safi Livergen

31. Dosage Liquid extract of herb approximately 5 ml. (with Ammonium chloride ). Decoction or infusion of green leaves (not more than 10 Nos.)

32. Corrigent Pimpinella anisum Linn . (Anisun ) Pistacia integerrima ( gum, Kakra-singhi)

33. Tenedium Swertia chirata (Chirayita) Fumaria indica ( Shahtara)

34. SIDE EFFECTS Loss of appetite Diarrhea Vomiting Rash Headache Runny nose Swollen lymph glands Serious allergic reactions Elevations of liver enzymes

35. Comments In market, and in published Oriental literature it is mixed with Chirayita sometimes. Once it had been considered as substitute for Quinine and its preparation was available as liquid extract of Kalmegh. In Bengal (around 1700-1800 A.D .) a domestic remedy (Alui) is reported which was administered to infants

36. THANKS TO ALL