Android Operating System

This slide contain a brief about Android Operating System, its history, versions, and architecture

1. MOHAMMAD ALI JAUHAR UNIVERSITY A seminar on, OPERATING SYSTEM Under Guidance of, Er. Prem Narayan Presented By, MOHD. BILAL CSE IIIyr. 1501010009

2. Content Introduction Origin of Android Open Handset Alliance (OHA) Features and Versions Architecture Application Development Comparisons with other OS Limitations Conclusion

3. What is android ? An d ro i d i s Linu x base d o p er a ti n g system designed primarily for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. An d ro i d was first developed as a ADVANCE OPERATING SYSTEM for digital cameras. There are more than 4,00,000 apps in android market And, android is an open source. INTRODUCTION

4. What is Operating System ? An operating system, or "OS," is software that communicates with the hardware and allows other programs to run . . Common desktop operating systems include Windows, OS X, and  Linux Common mobile OS include Android, iOS, and Windows Phone INTRODUCTION

5. android Operating System Android OS consists of a shell and a kernel. Creator’s of android takes out the kernel from Linux OS 2.6 and rewrite the shell part using java, that’s forms android OS. INTRODUCTION MONOLITHIC KERNEL ( modified LINUX kernel) SHELL (Written in Java) android OS

6. android devices Mobile phones Smart TV Wearable device Tablets GPS device for automobiles

7. Origin of android Android was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White who work at “ ” to develop. Andy Rubin

8. …Origin of android Android was purchased by the in AUGUST, 2005 for 50 million $. HTC Dream was the first android device launched in September 2008 Now, android covers 90% of the mobile OS market.

9. Open Handset Alliance (OHA) It’s consortium of several companies . OHA is a business alliance of firm to develop open standard for mobile device. OHA includes 84 firms to develop open standard for mobile devices, i.e. HTC , Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola,  QUALCOMM,   Google , Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics,  T-Mobile, NVidias Reason for Nokia not to develop Android Mobiles is Nokia is not part of OHA

10. Features Android supports wireless communication using :- 3G Networks, 4G Networks, 802.11 Wi-Fi Networks, Bluetooth Connectivity Developing an android application is not tough ,using SDK and java emulator we can easily develop applications that we want. Open source – Free development platform Built in services like GPS,SQL Database, browser and maps Portability across current and future hardware

11. android Versions Android Astro 1.0 Released on September 23, 2008. Android C upcake 1.5 Released on April 30, 2009. Android D onut 1.6 Released on September 15, 2009. Android É clair 2.0/2.1 Released on October 26, 2009. Android F royo 2.2 Released on May 20, 2010. Android H oneycomb 3.0 Released on February 22, 2011. Android I ceCream Sandwich 4.0 Released on November 14, 2011 Android J ellyBean 4.1 Released on June 27,2012 Android K itkat 4.4 Released on October 31,2013 Android G ingerbread 2.3 Released on December 6, 2010

12. android Versions Android L ollipop 5.0 Released on November 12, 2014 Android M arshmallow 6.0 Released on May 28, 2015 Android N ougat 7.0 Released on August 22, 2016 Android O reo 8.0 Released on August 21, 2017 Latest version till date.

13. UI comparison Android Oreo 8.0 Android Astro 1.0 Android KitKat 4.4

14. Architecture Linux kernel Libraries Android run time - Core libraries - Dalvik virtual machine Application layer A pplication framework

15. Major components of android

16. Linux Kernel Android Architecture is based on Linux 2.6 kernel. It helps to manage security, memory management, process management, network stack and other important issues . Display Driver Keypad Driver Camera Driver Wi-Fi Driver Flash Memory Driver Audio Driver Binder (IPC) Driver Power Management

17. Android Runtime Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java programming language. Dalvik VM. Dex files Compact and efficient than class files Limited memory and battery power Core Libraries Java 5 Std edition Collections, I/O etc… Providing most of the functionality available in the core libraries of the Java language. Core Libraries Dalvik Virtual Machine

18. Libraries Android includes a set of: C/C ++ libraries Interface through Java Surface manager – Handling UI Windows with 2D and 3D graphics Media codes, SQLite, Browser engine The Android Studio 3.1 supports new set of library :

19. Application Framework The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse of components Activity manager – manages application life cycle Android provides a set of core applications: Email Client SMS Program Calendar Maps Browser Contacts , Etc . All applications are written using the Java language. APIs: Data Structures, Utilities, File Access, Network Access, Graphics, etc.

20. Application Development Android Emulator Android Mobile Device Android SDK

21. Application Development Android Manifest Java source Java Compiler Resource XML Android Libraries . dex file Dalvik VM Generate d Class

22. Application Execution

23. Why prefer android ? Android price fits your pocket Android devices are cheaper than iPhones which is one of main reason why Android phone sale is growing rapidly. IPhone is an expensive device which everybody can’t afford to buy. Free apps and games Android offers a lot of free games and applications on google play, whereas IPhone have mostly paid Apps on App Store. which is also the main reason why people skip IOS and attract towards android. Launchers Android offers many cool launcher apps for customizing home screen’s style. While Apple do not allow users to customize their home screen and all the users have same home screen.

24. Custom ROMs Android users can install custom Rom on their smart phone, which allows them to replace original software comes with their smart phone . Some of the android users want to use some tools and apps which do not work on their original OS, that’s why they Root their phone and install custom ROMS . Google Integration Google integration is very useful service provided by google to it’s users. unarguably google dominates the web with it’s awesome services like Google drive, Google Music, Google Map, Google Docs, Google mail, Google plus, Google hangout.. and the list goes on, but IOS do not provide these apps integration . Expandable Memory Android allows you to put a memory card to increase your phone memory. What does Apple do? Well, they've never offered expandable memory for the iPhone. Instead, they would rather you pay another $100 to upgrade one of their devices from a 16 GB memory to a 32 GB or 64 GB

25. Multi tasking using Multi-window navigation feature File manager YouTube iOs does not allow multi window officially

26. Limitations Making source code available to everyone inevitably invites the attention of hackers. Android operating system uses more amount of battery as compared to normal mobile phones . It has been seen that it has security related issues . As we call Android is world of applications we continuously need to connected with the internet which is not possible for all the users.

27. Conclusion Android is a truly open, free development platform based on Linux and open source. Handset makers can use and customize the platform without paying a royalty. Android is now stepping up in next level of mobile internet. Android is open to all: industry, developers and users Google Android is stepping into the next level of Mobile Internet & that is the reason that android covers 90% of mobile OS market

28. References https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system ) https://www.android.com / https://www.androidauthority.com / https:// techterms.com http://www.openhandsetalliance.com / Images and Clipart: https://images.google.com /

29. Thank you. Any Query ? ask google