Anemia 1.pptx

Anemia and its types

1. Anemia 2019-CU-MLT-017

2. Definition Anemia is a decrease in the RBCs count and hemoglobin level or hematocrit values resulting in lower ability for blood to carry oxygen

3. Incidence: The estimated prevalence of anemia in developing countries is 39% in children less than 5 year 48% in children 5 to 14 year 42% in women 15 to 59 year 30% in men 15 to 59 year 45% in adult. These staggering figure have important and health consequences for low and middle income countries

4. Risk Factors A diet lacking in certain vitamins Intestinal disorder Menstruation Pregnancy

5. Causes: The body doesn't make enough red blood cells Bleeding causes to lose red blood cells more quickly than they can be replaced Body destroys red blood cells Inherited conditions, such as sickle cell anemia and thalassemia Stressors such as infections, drugs, snake or spider venom, or certain foods

6. Continue… Toxins from advanced liver or kidney disease Inappropriate attack by the immune system (called hemolytic disease of the newborn when it occurs in the fetus of a pregnant woman) In rare cases, an enlarged spleen can trap red blood cells and destroy them before their circulating time is up

7. Types Iron deficiency anemia Megaloblastic anemia Pernicious anemia Hemorrhagic anemia Hemolytic anemia Thalassemia Sickle cell anemia Aplastic anemia

8. Continue… Iron deficiency anemia: excessive loss of iron. Women are at risk. ---- For menstrual blood and growing fetus. Megaloblastic anemia: Less intake of vitamin B 12 and folic acid. Bone marrow produces abnormal RBC. e.g cancer drugs Pernicious anemia Inability of stomach to absorb vitamin B 12 in small intestine.

9. Continue… Hemorrhagic anemia Excessive loss of RBC through bleeding, stomach ulcers, menstruation Hemolytic anemia RBC plasma membrane ruptures. may be due to parasites, toxins, antibodies. Thalassemia Less synthesis of hemoglobin .Found in population of Mediterranean sea.

10. Continue… Sickle cell anemia: Hereditary blood disorder, characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, Sickle shape Aplastic anemia: destruction of red bone marrow. caused by toxins, gamma radiation

11. Decrease in RBCs, Hb, or Hct level Pathophysiology Diminished O-carrying capacity Hypoxia and hypoxia-induced Effects on organ function Signs and symptoms of anemia

12. Symptoms: Anemia signs and symptoms vary depending on the cause of anemia. They may include: Fatigue Weakness Pale or yellowish skin Irregular heartbeats

13. Continue… Shortness of breath Dizziness or lightheadedness Chest pain Cold hands and feet Headache

14. Diagnostic evaluation: Multiplex PCR Complete blood count (CBC). Bone marrow biopsy Kidney function test

15. Prevention: Eat a vitamin-rich diet Iron Vitamin B-12. Vitamin C. Consider a multivitamin Consider genetic counseling Prevent malaria

16. Thank you