Anemia

VERY USEFUL

1. ANEMIA Presented by : Group 3

2. INTRODUCTION Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin is less than normal. The normal level of hemoglobin is generally different in males and females. For men, a normal hemoglobin level is typically defined as a level of more than 13.5 gram/100 ml, and in women as hemoglobin of more than 12.0 gram/100 ml. 

3. INCIDENCE RATE The prevalence of anemia among adolescents is 27% in developing countries, and 6% in developed countries

4. DEFINITION Anemia Is A Medical Condition In Which The Red Blood Cell Count Or Hemoglobin Is Less Than Normal. 

5. MILD ANEMIA 11.9 Gm To 10 Gm Hb /100 ml Blood MODERATE ANEMIA 9.9 Gm To 7gm Hb /100 ml Blood SEVERE ANEMIA < 7 Gm Hb /100 ml Blood CLASSIFICATION OF ANEMIA ACCORDING TO WHO

6. CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF ANAEMIA Poor Dietary intake of iron resulting in deficiency of iron in the body and thus Iron deficiency anemia Low bio-availability of iron- Habitual intake of cereal based diet high in phytate and poor consumption of iron absorption enhancers such as vitamin C result in low availability of iron Dietary deficiency of vitamins such as Folic Acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin B12

7. NON NUTRITIONAL CAUSES OF ANAEMIA Accelerated Increase in Requirement for Iron during Adolescent Period Hookworm Infestation Infections Such As Malaria Loss of Blood In Case Of Heavy Menstrual Bleeding. Teenage Marriage And Early

8. RISK FACTORS These factors place you at increased risk of anemia: A DIET LACKING IN CERTAIN VITAMINS.   INTESTINAL DISORDERS.   MENSTRUATION PREGNANCY.  

9. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ANAEMIA • Whiteness or Pallor in the Inner Rims Of The Eyelid, Tongue, Overall Skin, Nails, Palms Of The Hand

10. CONT.. CHRONIC CONDITIONS.  If you have cancer, kidney failure or another chronic condition, you may be at risk of anemia of chronic disease. These conditions can lead to a shortage of red blood cells. FAMILY HISTORY.  

11. CONT.. OTHER FACTORS.  A history of certain infections, blood diseases and autoimmune disorders, alcoholism, exposure to toxic chemicals, and the use of some medications can affect red blood cell production and lead to anemia. AGE.  People over age 65 are at increased risk of anemia.

12. HOW IS ANEMIA DIAGNOSED Anemia is usually detected, or at least confirmed, by a complete blood cell (CBC) count.  

13. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF ANAEMIA IN ADOLESCENTS Primary prevention of anaemia is achieved through well- balanced diet rich in iron and other vitamins and minerals involved in iron absorption or in the production of RBCs/Hemoglobin.

14. FOODS RICH IN IRON ARE Green Vegetables And Fruits Grains-Wheat, Jowar , Bajra , Sprouted Pulses, Ground Nut, Sesame, Jaggery , Dried Fruits Liver, Egg, Fish, Meat

15. IRON SUPPLEMENTATION Administration Of Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplements (WIFS).One IFA Tablet Containing 100mg Elemental Iron And 500 Microgram Folic Acid Administered On A Fixed Day Through Supervised Consumption For 52 Weeks In A Year.

16. CONT.. Screening Of Target Groups For Moderate/Severe Anaemia And Referring These Cases To An Appropriate Health Facility. Biannual Albendazole (400mg) For De-Worming Given Six Months Apart, For Control Of Worm Infestation.

17. ADDITIONAL INTERVENTIONS Fortification of food with iron (salt, flour, rice, biscuits etc .) Prevention of malaria : Clean surroundings, use of insecticide treated mosquito net while sleeping helps keep malaria mosquitoes away from people and greatly reduces malaria Early Identification and Referral - Early identification and referral of suspected cases of anaemia constitutes an important measure of secondary prevention of anaemia

18. COMPLICATIONS Left untreated, anemia can cause many health problems, such as: Severe fatigue.  When anemia is severe enough, you may be so tired that you can't complete everyday tasks. .

19. CONT.. Pregnancy complications.  Pregnant women with folate deficiency anemia may be more likely to experience complications, such as premature birth.

20. CONT… Heart problems.  Anemia can lead to a rapid or irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia). When you're anemic your heart must pump more blood to compensate for the lack of oxygen in the blood. This can lead to an enlarged heart or heart failure .

21. CONT.. Death.  Some inherited anemias, such as sickle cell anemia, can be serious and lead to life-threatening complications. Losing a lot of blood quickly results in acute, severe anemia and can be fatal.

22. CONCLUSION Anemia is a medical condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin is less than normal. The normal level of hemoglobin is generally different in males and females.