Anemia and its classification

Anemia and its Classification

1. Presentation Topic: Anemia & its Classification Presenting by Muhammad Abbas MS MLS BS MLT Subject : Red Blood Cell Disorder & Hemostasis Department of Medical Laboratory Technology Baqai Medical University Karachi

2. Aims of Presentation Definition of Anemia Pathophysiology Of Anemia Sign and symptoms of Anemia Classification of anemia Investigation of Anemia Summary

3. Definition of Anemia Anemia is a Greek word ( να ιμί α )( naimía ) meaning "without blood“ so it is the Decrease in Hb concentration below the lower limit of normal value according to the age and sex of the individual is know as Anemia.

4. Normal Values

5. Pathophysiology

6. Classification of Anemia Anemia is classified in three different Categories i-e Clinical Classification Etiology Classification Morphological classification

7. 1.Clinical Classification Clinical classification is based on three different groups i-e Mild anemia With hemoglobin level 9-12 g/dl Moderate anemia With hemoglobin level 6-9g/dl Severe anemia With hemoglobin level <6g/dl

8. 2. Etiological Classification 1. Impaired RBC production Pernicious anemia, Megaloblastic anemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Anemia of prematurity, Anemia of chronic disorder . 2. Excessive/Increase destruction Intra-corpuscular :- Hereditary spherocytosis, Sickle cell anemia, G6PD , Pyruvate kinase deficiency, PNH. Extra-corpuscular:- Autoimmune, Haemolytic disease of newborn, Mismatch transfusion, Microangiopathic haemolytic anemia TTP, HUS, DIC, infections.

9. 3. Morphological classification Classification of Anemia on the Basis of MCV (Mean Cell Volume) 1 . Microcytic hypochromic anemia 2 . Macrocytic h yperchromic anemia 3 . Normochromic normocytic anemia

10. Microcytic hypochromic anemia Microcytic hypochromic anemia  is defined as the presence of small, often hypochromic, red blood cells in a peripheral blood smear and is usually characterized by a low MCV < 83 fl.

11. Causes of Microcytic hypochromic Iron deficiency anemia Thalassemia Sidroblastic anemia Anemia of chronic diseases

12. 2.Macrocytic Hyperchromic Anemia Macrocytic hyperchromic anemia is a type of anemia that causes unusually large red blood cells. Deficiencies in vitamin B-12 or folate often cause macrocytic anemia, so it is also sometimes called vitamins deficiency anemia. It has increase value of MCV i-e MCV >98 or >100.

13. Causes of Macrocytic anemia Megaloblastic anemia Pernicious anemia MDS ( M yelodysplastic syndromes) Post spleenectomy Alcoholism Liver disease Drugs ( anticonvulscents , anticancer etc )

14. 3.Normocytic Normochromic Anemia That type of anemia  in which the average size and hemoglobin content of the red blood cells are within normal limits are called normocytic normochromic anemia . It has normal value of MCV i-e MCV 76-100 fl

15. Causes of Normocytic Normochromic Anemia Acute Blood loss Chronic inflammatory disease— (1)infection (2)collagen vascular disease (3)inflammatory bowel disease Recent blood loss Malignancy/Marrow infiltration Chronic renal failure Marrow aplasia/hypoplasia

16. Investigations/Diagnoses of Anemia Detail history Careful physical examination CBC/ CP Isolated anemia Reticulocytes count