anemia and its disorders and all about blood disese

this presentation is all about anemia

1. Anemia Group No - 06 Understanding

2. Critical Thinking and Application Types and Diagnosis Preventive Measures Learning Outcome Objectives After this lecture students will be able to: Define anemia and its significance in health. Identify common causes and symptoms of anemia. Differentiate between types of anemia and understand diagnostic procedures. Understand available treatment modalities for anemia. Learn preventive strategies to reduce the risk of anemia.

3. Anemia is defined as a low number of red blood cells. In a routine blood test, anemia is reported as a low hemoglobin or hematocrit. Hemoglobin is the main protein in your red blood cells. It carries oxygen and delivers it throughout your body. If you have anemia, your hemoglobin level will be low, too. If it is low enough, your tissues or organs may not get enough oxygen. Symptoms of anemia – like fatigue or shortness of breath – happen because your organs aren't getting what they need to work the way they should. Introduction

4. Important things to remember : Certain forms of anemia are passed down through your genes, and infants may have it from birth. Women are at risk of iron-deficiency anemia because of blood loss from their periods and higher blood supply demands during pregnancy . Older adults have a greater risk of anemia because they are more likely to have kidney disease or other chronic medical conditions.

5. Anemia Symptoms The signs of anemia can be so mild that you might not even notice them. Symptoms often develop. symptoms may include: Dizziness, lightheadness, or feeling like you are about to pass out A fast or unusual heartbeat A headache Pain, including in your bones, chest, belly, and joints Problems with growth, for children and teens Shortness of breath Skin that’s pale or yellow Cold hands and feet Tiredness or weakness

6. If anemia gets worse Brittle nails Mouth ulcers Loss of sexual interest For women, increased menstrual bleeding An inflamed or sore tongue While at rest or with little activity, shortness of breath Getting lightheaded when you stand up Pale skin color

7. Anemia caused by blood loss 2.Anemia caused by decreased or faulty red blood cell production Types of Anemia There are more than 400 types of anemia, and they’re divided into three groups: 3.Anemia caused by destruction of red blood cells

8. This demonstrates the difference between a normal red blood cell level and the red blood cell level of someone with anemia.

9. ANEMIA CAUSED BY BLOOD LOSS You can lose red blood cells through bleeding. This can happen slowly over a long period of time, and you might not notice. Causes can include: Gastrointestinal conditions such as ulcers , hemorrhoids, gastritis (inflammation of your stomach), and cancer Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen, which can cause ulcers and gastritis A woman’s period, especially if you have a heavy menstruation (or heavy period). This can be linked to fibroids. Post-trauma or post-surgery Blood loss at delivery and the immediate postpartum period

10. Anemia caused by faulty red blood cell production Improve Team Effectiveness Your body may not create enough blood cells, or they may not work the way they should. This can happen because there’s something wrong with your red blood cells or because you don’t have enough minerals and vitamins for your red blood cells to form normally. Conditions linked to these causes of anemia include:

11. Conditions: Bone marrow Stem Cell problems Sickle cell anemia Project Performance Vitamin-deficiency anemia

12. IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA When the body doesn't produce enough iron. Your blood will lack healthy red blood cells, which carry oxygen to the body's tissue. Without the right amount of iron, your body can't make enough of what red blood cells need to carry oxygen. This will leave you feeling tired and out of breath.

13. Sickle cell anemia Red blood cells are usually round and flexible. In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells look like sickles used to cut wheat. Anemia leading to fatigue Episodes of extreme pain (pain crises) Swelling of hands and feet Increased susceptibility to infections Delayed growth or puberty Vision problems due to retinal damage

14. Vitamin-Deficiency Anemia Difficulty walking Confusion and forgetfulness Vision problems Diarrhea G lossitis , which is a smooth, red tongue It can happen when you aren’t getting enough vitamin B12 and folate. You need these two vitamins to make red blood cells. This kind of anemia can Cause:

15. Anemia linked to other chronic conditions Usually occurs in the setting of long-standing inflammation. Inflammatory proteins slow the bone marrow's production of young red blood cells in a variety of ways. Conditions that cause this type of anemia include: Advanced kidney disease Hypothyroidism Old age Long-term diseases, such as cancer, infection, lupus, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis

16. APLASTIC ANEMIA It can cause symptoms such as : fatigue frequent infections skin rashes bruising easily This rare blood condition happens when the bone marrow cannot produce enough new RBCs. It is most often a result of an autoimmune disease that damages stem cells. This occurs despite having normal iron levels.

17. Hemolytic Anemia This type of anemia happens when RBCs are destroyed faster than the body can produce new ones. A variety of conditions can cause this, such as autoimmune diseases, infections, bone marrow problems, and inherited conditions such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia. Hemolytic anemia can cause symptoms including : DIZZINESS WEAKNESS JAUNDICE DARK URINE fever abdominal pain

18. Causes Of Anemia Bone marrow problems Chronic illness There are many types of anemia and no single cause. In some people, it can be difficult to identify what is causing a low RBC count The three main causes of anemia are: Diseases like leukemia can disrupt blood cell formation. Conditions like kidney disease can affect red blood cell production. Pregnancy Increased blood volume can dilute iron levels, leading to anemia.

19. Anemia Diagnosis A complete blood count ( CBC ) test will measure your red blood cells, hemoglobin, and other parts of your blood. Your doctor will ask about your family history and your medical history after the CBC. They’ll probably do some tests, including: Blood smear or differential to count your white blood cells, check the shape of your red blood cells, and look for unusual cells Reticulocyte count to check for immature red blood cells

20. Treatment Iron-deficiency anemia: Iron supplements and dietary changes can help,. Vitamin deficiency anemia: Treatments can include dietary supplements and vitamin B12 injections. Thalassemia: Treatments include folic acid supplements, iron chelation, and, for some people, blood transfusions and bone marrow transplants. Aplastic anemia: Treatment for aplastic anemia involves blood transfusions or bone marrow transplants. Sickle cell anemia: Doctors treat this with oxygen therapy, pain relief medication, and intravenous fluids. They may also prescribe antibiotics, folic acid supplements,

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