Anemia ppt.pptx

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1. MITTAL COLLEGE OF NURSING , AJMER Class presentation on :– Anemia Subject :- community health nursing 2 Submited to Submitted by Mr. Abdul Basid Mr. Mukul kashyap (Lecturer). B.Sc Nursing 4 th year(2017-18)

2. ANAEMIA INTRODUCTION :- Anemia is the blood disorder by the reduction in: Red blood cell (RBC) count. Hemoglobin content Packed cell volume Generally, reduction in RBC count. hemoglobin content and PCV occurs because of: Decrease production of RBC Increase destruction of RBC Excess loss of blood of RBC

3. DEFINITION:- According to WHO- Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin content of blood is lower than normal as a result of deficiency of one or more essential nutrients, regardless of the causes of such deficiencies   Like :- Iron, folic acid , Vitamin B12, proteins Vitamin A & C and other Vitamin B complex

4. CAUSES :- The causes of anemia mainly divided into three :- Blood loss:- G.I ulcer , hemorrhoids , gastritis, esophagitis , peptic ulcer, cancer use of NSAIDs (aspirin , ibuprofen) , menstrual bleeding & during labor, trauma etc. Decreased or faulty RBCs production:- Sickle cell anemia, iron deficiency anemia, Thalassemia . Destruction of RBCs :- Chronic kidney disease(CKD), old age & hypothyroidism . Inadequate dietary intake and Mal-absorptions The body loses approximate 1.5 mg iron daily.

5. ACCORDING TO COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING ANAEMIA HISTORY IN INDIA:- Prevalence of anemia in all groups is higher in India as compared to other developing countries . In India anemia affects an estimated 55% of the population . The problem becomes more severe as more women are affected with it as compared to men. It is estimated about 20-40% of maternal deaths in India are due to anemia and one in every two Indian women suffers from some form of anemia due to low quality food intake or lack of knowledge about nutrition & about anemia or high cost of health care facility etc. According to " national consultation on control of nutritional anemia in India" mild anemia-11.9mg/dl, moderate anemia-7-9.9mg/dl & severe less than 7mg/dl Hb level . NOTE :-Data collection from NNMB (national nutrition monitoring bureau) & ICMR (Indian council of medical research) & DLHS (district level house hold survey) shown that the prevalence of anemia is very high in pre-schooler children, pregnant and lactating women and adolescent girls, and low birth weight baby (mostly seen iron deficiency anemia).

6. CLINICAL MENIFESTATION

7. CLINICAL MENIFESTATION Skin - Pallor, jaundice Eyes - Retinal hemorrhage blurred vision, white eye , yellowing Mouth - Glossitis and smooth tongue , Cheilosis Respiratory - shortness of breath Cardiovascular - Palpitations (mild and moderate) tachycardia increased pulse, angina, CHF and MI. Neurologic – Headache, vertigo , irritability, depression, impaired thought process , fatigue and dizziness . Gastrointestinal - anorexia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly difficulty in swallowing and sore Mouth, abdominal swelling. Musculoskeletal - Bone pain growth retardation and weakness. General - Sensitivity to cold, Weight loss and lethargy, yellow urine, Lack of appetite , fatigue and dyspnea.

8. MORPHOLOGICAL TYPES

9. TYPES OF ANAEMIA: " THALLASEMIA " It is the chronic condition Autosomal recessive disorder abnormality in 16 th chromosome. Decreased synthesis of Hb chain (heme-mitochondria, globin-ribosome) . Cause small size RBCS

10. Sickle cell anemia ” Normal Hb change with abnormal Hb. 11 th chromosome mutation disorder. C shape RBCs . HEMOPHILLIA " Also called royal disorder Lack of one coagulation factor It is a genetic disorder X-linked recessive disorder Mainly divided into four types :- 1. Hemophilia A (85%) - 8 th hemophilic factor, also known as classical hemophilia 2 . Hemophiliaa a B (15%) – 9 th Christmas factor 3. Hemophilia a C (11 th thromboplastin ) & (12 th Hageman) was rarely seen  

11. " Aplastic anemia " Rare disease in which bone marrow & hemopoietic stem cells are damaged. That cause pancytopenia (for RBCs anemia , for WBCs leukopenia & for platelets thrombocytopenia.   “IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA” Iron deficiency Anemia is defined as a decrease in the amount of RBCs or hemoglobin in the blood due to not enough iron .

12. MANAGEMENT:- The main goal of management is to treat the underlying disease that is causing reduced intake or absorption of iron. The patient should be taught which foods are good sources of iron. The role of nutrients is erythropoiesis and their sources are as follows. Dietary and lifestyle changes can reverse some anemia. Acute interventions for severe anemia includes blood transfusion . Bone marrow cell transplant Cobalamin Vit B12 role in RBC maturation found in meats especially liver. Folic acid also has role in RBC maturation found in green leaves Vegetable , liver , meat , fish legumes , and whole grains. Vitamin B6 has role in hemoglobin syntheses found in fiver and muscle meat eggs dried fruits legumes, dark green leafy vegetable, cereals and potatoes. Amino acids have role in syntheses of nucleoproteins, found in eggs, meat milk and milk products (cheese ice creams , Poultry, fish, legumes and nuts). Vitamin C has role in conversation of folic acid to its active forms aids in absorption found in citrus fruits , green leafy vegetables , strawberries .

13. Drug therapy Erythropoetin Vitamin supplements Oxygen therapy and patient education regarding awareness care with therapy. PREVENTION & CONTROL: Diagnosis & treatment Dietary modification Control of viral bacterial & parasitic infections Food fortification Promote breast feeding or weaning Public education Benefits of anemia control Monitoring & evaluation

14. PROGRAM FOR ANEMIA :- National nutritional anemia control program 1970. National iron deficiency disorder control program 1992 HEALTH EDUCATION Eat iron-rich foods such as meat, chicken, fish, eggs, dried beans and fortified grains. The form of iron in meat products, called heme, is more easily absorbed than the iron in vegetables. If you are anemic and you ordinarily eat meat, increasing the amount of meat you consume is the easiest way to increase the iron your body receives. Eat foods high in folic acid, such as dried beans, dark green leafy vegetables, wheat germ and orange juice. Eat foods high in vitamin C, such as citrus fruits and fresh, raw vegetables. Cooking with cast iron pots can add up to 80 percent more iron to your food. Take your prenatal multivitamin and mineral pill which contains extra folate.

15. BIBLIOGRAPHY K Sembulingam and Prema Sembulingam; "A Text Book of Essential Medical Physiology": Jaypee Publishers; 6th Edition: Page No. 89 to 94. "K. Park": "A text book of Preventive and social medicine; Banarasidas bhanot publishers (p) Itd.; Nineteenth edition, page no. 112-116. Veerabhadrappa GM , “ the short textbook of community health nursing : jaypee publication , page no – 217 – 220 .   NET REFERENCES: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia https://www.slideshare.net/sabisiddh/anemia

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