Aneurysm

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1. ANEURYSM Mr. Husain Nadaf Medical – Surgical Nursing

2. DEFINITION An aneurysm is a permanent localized sac or dilation formed at a weak point in the wall of the artery. The most common forms of aneurysms are saccular or fusiform . Commonly affects brain, aorta, legs and spleen

3. CLASSIFICATION A true aneurysm is one that involves all three layers of the wall of an artery (intima, media and adventitia) A false aneurysm, or pseudo aneurysm, is a collection of blood leaking completely out of an artery or vein

4. LOCATIONS

5. RISK FACTORS Diabetes & High cholesterol Copper deficiency Hypertension Tobacco use & alcoholism Increasing age Tertiary syphilis infection

6. SIGNS & SYMPTOMS Cerebral Aneurysms Fatigue Loss of perception Loss of balance Speech problems Double vision Severe headaches

7. Abdominal Aneurysms Abdominal aneurysms are usually asymptomatic, but rarely can cause lower back pain or lower limb ischemia Renal Aneurysm Flank pain and tenderness Hypertension Haematuria Signs of hypovolemic shock

8. Due to etiological factor There is a compromised structural integrity of tunica media Alterations in tunica media Inadequate & abnormal connective tissue synthesis Defects in elastin & collagen synthesis Weakening of the vessel wall Aneurysm

9. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION MRI CT Scan Lumbar Puncture

10. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Pain relievers, such as acetaminophen may be used to treat headache. Calcium channel blockers. One of these medications, Nimodipine ( Nymalize , Nimotop ) Anti-seizure medications.

11. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT