Angina Pectoris

Angina is a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. It is a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina, which may also be called angina pectoris, is often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness or pain in your chest. Some people with angina symptoms describe angina as feeling like a vise is squeezing their chest or feeling like a heavy weight has been placed on their chest. Angina may be a new pain that needs evaluation by a doctor, or recurring pain that goes away with treatment

1. Outline Introduction Definition of Angina Pectoris Overview Causes (Etiology) Risk factors Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Complications Prevention

2. Angina pectoris is Latin for “ squeezing of the chest ” Definition

3. Angina – is pain or discomfort in the chest that happens when some part of the heart does not receive enough oxygen from the blood

4. Cont’d The heart receives its own supply of blood from the coronary arteries Two major coronary arteries branch off from the aorta near the point where the aorta and the left ventricle meet These arteries and their branches supply all parts of the heart muscle with blood

5. Identifying Your Coronary Arteries

6. Cont’d… Angina i s a clinical syndrome rather than a disease Stenocardia (chest pain) is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease It means that the heart is not getting enough blood and as a result, not enough oxygen

7. Cont’d… This occur when arteries that carry blood to your heart become narrowed and blocked because of atherosclerosis or a blood clot

8. Cont’d… It can also occur because of unstable plaques, poor blood flow through a narrowed heart valve, a decreased pumping function of the heart muscle, as well as a coronary artery spasm Plaques

9. Buildup of Plague in Blood Vessels Plaque buildup in blood vessels limits the quantity of blood flow to the heart muscles. Oxygen supply is also low .

10. Causes of Angina Pectoris Angina pectoris occurs when your heart muscle, myocardium , does not get enough blood and oxygen for a given level of work Insufficient blood supply is called ischemia

11. Risk Factos for Angina Pectoris Anything that cause your heart muscle to need more blood or oxygen supply can result in angina. Risk factors include : Physical activity Emotional stress Extreme cold and heat Heavy meals Drinking excessive alcohol Cigarette smoking

12. Symptoms of Angina Pectoris These are the most common symptoms of angina: A pressing, squeezing, or crushing pain, usually in the chest under your breastbone Pain may also occur in your upper back both arms, neck, or ear lobes Pain radiating in your arms, shoulders, jaw, neck, or back Shortness of breath Weakness and fatigue Feeling faint

13. A pressing, squeezing, or crushing pain, usually in the chest under your breastbone

14. Shortness of breath

15. Pain may also occur in your upper back both arms, neck, or ear lobes

16. Cont’d… Angina chest pain is usually relieved within a few minutes by resting or by taking prescribed cardiac medicine, such as nitroglycerin The symptoms of angina pectoris may look like other medical conditions or problems Always see your healthcare provider for proper diagnosis or before taking any pill

17. How is Angina Diagnosed In addition to a complete medical history and medical exam, your healthcare provider can often diagnose angina from your symptoms and how and when they occur Other test may include: Electrocardiogram (ECG) Stress test (usually with ECG; also called treadmill or exercise ECG) Cardiac catheterization Cardiac MRI Coronary CT scan

18. How is Angina Treated? Your healthcare provider will determine specific treatment, based on: How old you are Your overall health and past health How sick you are How well you can handle specific medicines, procedures, or therapies How long the conditions is expected to last Your opinion or preference

19. Treatment Cont’d… Your healthcare provider may prescribe medicines if you have angina The most common is nitroglycerin This helps to relieve pain by widening your blood vessels

20. Treatment Cont’d… It allows more blood flow to your heart muscle and decreases the workload of your heart Nitroglycerin may be taken as a long-acting form daily to prevent angina Or, it may be taken as a nose spray, or under the tongue when angina occurs

21. Treatment Cont’d… Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers are also used to treat angina Your healthcare provider may recommend other medicines to help treat or prevent angina Note: Remember to always consult a healthcare provider before taking any pills

22. Complications of Angina Pectoris Angina means that you have coronary artery disease and that some part of your heart is not getting enough blood supply If you have angina, you have an increased risk for a heart attack

23. Heart Attack

24. Can Angina Pectoris be Prevented? Maintaining a health lifestyle can help to delay or prevent angina pectoris. A healthy lifestyle includes: A healthy diet Physical activity and exercise Stress management Not smoking or quitting smoking if you do smoke Keeping or working toward a healthy weight Taking medicines as prescribed Treating any related conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, and overweight

25. Living with Angina Pectoris If you have angina, note the patterns of your symptoms. For example, pay attention to what causes your chest pain, what it feels like, how long episodes usually last, and whether medicine relieves your pain . Call an emergency number or pay a visit to the nearest health center if your angina episode symptoms change sharply. This is called unstable angina . It is very much important to work with your healthcare provider to treat your underlying coronary artery disease, which causes angina .

26. Reference: Johns Hopkins Medicine https:// www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/angina-pectoris

27. FASAMA HILTON KOLLIE Let’s stay in touch BSc. Biology/Chemistry, Department of Biology Stella Maris Polytechnic, Mother Patern College of Health Sciences Catholic Archdiocese of Monrovia, Liberia Twitter.com/@HFasama Youtube.com/ Fasamahkollie Slideshare.net/ Fasamahkollie Linkedin.com/in/ Fasamahkollie www.facebook.com/fasamahiltonkollie

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