Angioplasty

1. Angioplasty By: Matthew Cotton Technology will Save our Minds and Bodies

2. Angioplasty is a medical technology used unblock blood vessels, most commonly the coronary artery. Angioplasty is an minimally invasive medical procedure that involves inserting a small wire with a balloon at the end into an blocked blood vessel. Inflation of the balloon opens up the blockage. Two types of angioplasty include balloon and balloon with a stent. What is angioplasty

3. The most common use of angioplasty is for treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Less common uses would include unblocking arteries in the abdomen, renal system, neck and limbs. Angioplasty is the most common emergency treatment for acute myocardial infarctions (heart attack). What is angioplasty used for?

4. Angioplasty has become leading edge in treatment of patients experiencing a sudden heart attack. Angioplasty can be done within hours of the onset of a heart attack and will give the best prognosis. The surgery is minimal, patients will usually only end up with a small incision on their thigh. Patients can receive a stent in their blood vessel which will allow for increased structure of the vein or artery. How is this a technological advancement

5. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Involves open heart surgery. Requires blood vessels, usually taken from the legs. Longer recovery More dangerous risks. May require patient to be on long term medication Heart Medication Can only be used of heart attack is mild and caught early. Can cause dangerous bleeding. If it is not successful angioplasty or CAGB will still be required. Least harmful if successful Alternatives to angioplasty

6. Atherosclerosis is a build up of plaque over time on the walls of the arteries of the heart, caused by increased blood cholesterol levels. Symptoms include: Chest pain that can radiate to arms and jaw (Angina) and Shortness of breath. Complications: Heart attack, Heart failure and arrhythmias. Causes: S edentary life style, obesity, smoking, family history, high blood pressure and high cholesterol or blood sugar. Diseases treated: Coronary artery disease

7. Acute myocardial infarction also known as a heart attack is when atherosclerotic build up in the arteries rupture and cause a blood clot to block the blood flow to the heart. Symptoms include: Chest pain that radiates to the arms and jaw, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, weakness, rapid or irregular heart beat. Complications: arrhythmias, heart failure, valve problems and death. Causes: Heart disease, Coronary artery disease. Diseases treated Cont’d: Acute Myocardial infarction (AMI)

8. The surgeon will make a incision in the groin to a main artery after numbing the area and relaxing the patient with medication. A flexible wire will be inserted in the artery and fed up to the blockage in the heart. Live x-rays will show the surgeon where to go. The wire will be pushed through the blockage and a small balloon will be inflated to open up the blockage. A stent ( wire mesh) may be left in place to keep the artery open. The wire is removed. Blood flow is increased to the body when artery is opened. The incision will be closed and bleeding controlled. Patient will begin recovery. How angioplasty is preformed

9. The stent is a small tube made of a metal mesh. It is used to treat weak or narrowed blood vessels. Stents are permanent and implanted using angioplasty. Some stents are coated in a slow release medication that helps prevent arteries from becoming blocked. What is a stent

10. PROS Fast treatment of a heart attack in a time dependent moment. If successful good long-term results. Safer than bypass grafting Cheaper than bypass surgery Patient recovers faster than by alternatives Good Prognosis CONS Patient may experience intense pain at incision site and during balloon inflation. May rupture artery (rare). Stent may become dislodged. Patient may bleed excessively at incision site. Procedure may cause heart attack while surgery is in progress. Stent may need to be replaced in following years. Pros vs. cons

11.   Mortality After Angioplasty 225,915 patients   Mortality After Bypass Surgery 357,885 patients Ages 30 Day 1 Year 30 Day 1 Year   % %   % %   65-69 2.1 5.2   4.3 8.0 70-74 3.0 7.3   5.7 10.9 75-79 4.6 10.9   7.4 14.2 >80 7.8 17.3   10.6 19.5 Patient outcomes This is a look at patient outcomes with angioplasty vs. bypass surgery. You can see that angioplasty is always more successful.

12. A Maziar Zafari , M. (2013, February 11). Myocardial Infarction . Retrieved from Medscape: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/155919-overview American Heart Association . (2012). What is a Stent? Retrieved from Answers by Heart: http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_300452.pdf Dugdale , D. C. (2012, August 18). Angioplasty and stent placement - carotid artery . Retrieved from Medline Plus: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002953.htm Latest Morbidity and Mortality Statistics on Bypass Surgery and Angioplasty . ( n.d. ). Retrieved from The Noninvasive Heart Center: http://www.heartprotect.com/mortality-stats.shtml Mayoclinic . (2012, June 29). Coronary artery disease . Retrieved from Mayoclinic : http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/coronary-artery-disease/DS00064 References