Animal Breeding (Livestock Mating Systems).pptx

Animal Breeding

1. Animal Breeding Important Factors in Livestock Production

2. Animal breeding Animal breeding usually means that the breeder is making, or attempting to make, a genetic selection or breeding animals in order to achieve a genetic change within the animal population (Turner, 2010).

3. What do you notice in the appearance of the three kinds of animals ? Why do animals vary from one another? What accounts for these differences? What characteristics do offspring inherit from their parents? Source: Teachers Pay Teachers. Retrieved from https:// www.teacherspayteachers.com /Product/Genetic-Traits-in- Animals-Clip-Art-3471422

4. A. MATING SYSTEMS

5. 1. Natural Mating It is the process of mating good quality animals by natural means. Advantages -  Allows maximum use of boar -  Precise information on breeding dates -  Less labor Disadvantages -  High chances of possible injury -  High risk of boar overuse -  Low conception rates

6. 2. Artificial Insemination (AI) It is the process of mating through artificial means. The semen of a male animal with the desired characteristics is obtained and inseminated to the female animal. Advantages: -  Disease control transmission -  Eliminates chances of possible injury -  Semen is evaluated in the laboratory every after it is collected Permits the use of older animals Disadvantages: -  Specialized equipment is needed -  Expensive -  Requires more time than natural services -  Requires a well-trained technician -  Laborious

7. B. SYSTEMS OF BREEDING

8. 1. Inbreeding Types of inbreeding systems: a. Close breeding : It is an inbreeding mating system that involves closely related animals. Examples: sire to daughter, son to dam, and brother to sister. b. Line breeding : It is an inbreeding mating system that involves animals that are not so related. Example: cousins It is the breeding of related animals to increase the uniformity in genetic make-up.

9. 2. Outbreeding Types of outbreeding mating systems: a. Crossbreeding . It is the system of using different breeds which results in progenies manifesting hybrid vigor or heterosis (the . b. Out-crossing . It is the system by which unrelated animals from the same breed are mated. c. Upgrading . A type of outbreeding mating system wherein female stock/group of animals is mated with a pure breed group of male animals wherein production performance of animals increases. It is the breeding of the females of the herd to unrelated males of the same species to introduce new breeds/genes.

10. c. CONSIDERATIONS GENERAL REGARDING CROSSBREEDING SYSTEMS

11. Must have an accurate record of the animal’s performance. Proper selection should be done to avoid any difficulties in calving. Calving problems may occur and should be taken into consideration in order not to experience higher maintenance costs. An animal raiser must be able to know some of the pros and cons of artificial insemination because it is usually done in a crossbreeding system.

12. D. SELECTION OF BREEDING ANIMALS

13. When breeding, select animals with good quality offspring to improve the overall performance of livestock production. Highly heritable animal characteristics should be selected to improve genetic make-up. Selection and breeding are beneficial in that animals increase their productivity in terms of reproductive rate, growth rate, milk yield, and fat yield that translate to higher income generation per animal.

14. In summary: -  Natural and artificial insemination (AI) are the two mating systems; each one has its advantages and disadvantages. -  Inbreeding and outbreeding are the two types of breeding systems. There are different examples under each type of breeding system. -  Animal breeders must consider selection as a tool for the improvement of the overall performance in breeding animals. -  In animal breeding, it is also very important that breeding stocks should possess good quality offspring. -  The breeding of animals highly depends on the control of caretakers/raisers where breeding systems take place.

15. References: E-unit: Common Breeding Systems for Livestock Production. Retrieved from http:// agriculturewithmrsskien.weebly.com /uploads/2/1/3/2/21329554/ common_breeding_system s_for_livestock_production.pdf . International Swine Genome Sequencing Consortium, www.piggenome.org /, accessed 21 April 2009 National Institution of Open Schooling. Systems of Breeding . Retrieved from http:// oer.nios.ac.in /wiki/ index.php / Systems_of_Breeding . Orvel L. Bondoc (2008). Animal Breeding. Retrieved from http:// www.nast.ph /images/pdf%20files/Publications/Outstanding- Awardees%20BOOKS/2010/Animal%20Breeding%20and%20Practice%20in%20the%20Philippi ne%20Context.pdf. Turner, Jacky (2010). Animal Breeding, Welfare and Society . London, Washington, DC. https:// aajeevika.gov.in /sites/default/files/ nrlp_repository /Pashu%20Sakhi%20Hand%20book.pdf.