Animal cell structure and function copy

basic information on the morphological and physiological structures of animal cell

1. Animal Cell Structure and Function Bai Saguira M. Abdulah Reporter

2. Objectives Identify animal cell parts and function Determine the relationship with other organelles Cite importance of each part

3. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Vary in both size and form Cytology-is the study of cell.

4. Animal cells are typical of the eukaryotic cell, enclosed by a plasma membrane and containing a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

5. Cell parts and structure

6. Organelles and their function

7. Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer (Phospholipid bilayer) Hydrophobic Protein Hydrophilic

8. Nucleus Directs cell activities Contains genetic material – DNA Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane

9. Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

10. Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

11. Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins (ribosome formation) http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

12. Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type : lacks ribosomes -transport by vesicle formation and lipid synthesis in some cells Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface . -transport and protein synthesis http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

14. Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Embedded on rough ER & floating throughout the cell Make proteins http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

15. Mitochondria spherical to rod-shaped organelles with a double membrane Powerhouse of the cell Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

16. Golgi Bodies Membrane-bound vesicles of flattened sacs and stacks parallel to each other Protein 'packaging' Move materials within and out of the cell http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

17. Lysosome round organelles surrounded by a membrane and containing digestive enzymes Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

18. Vacuoles Membrane-enclosed bodies containing numerous enzymes Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

19. Centrioles and Microtubules Centrioles - cylindrical structures that organize the assembly of microtubules during  cell division Microtubules - hollow rods that function primarily to help support and shape the cell.

20. Microfilament Microfilaments are solid rods made of globular proteins called actin and are common to all eukaryotic cells. are primarily structural in function and are an important component of the cytoskeleton, along with microtubules.

21. Cytoskeleton • Cytoskeleton - network of fibers throughout the cell's cytoplasm that gives the cell support and helps to maintain its shape.

22. Peroxisome enzyme containing structures that help to detoxify alcohol, form bile acid, and break down fats.

23. Cilia and flagella specialized groupings of microtubules that protrude from some cells and aid in cellular locomotion.

24. Importance • In order for cells to function and survive, their organelles work together to carry out specific tasks and perform specific roles. Each organelle has its own role that contributes to the survival of the cell.

25. REFERENCE http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/animals/cell / http:// www.ivyroses.com/Biology/Organelles/Organelle-Functions.php   http://biology.about.com/od/cellbiology/ss/animal_cells.htm http://bioserv.fiu.edu/~walterm/human_online/animal_cell_info_andpics/page.html