Animal Phylum Kinorhyncha the mud dragons

This presentation will help you to get through the phylum kinorhyncha thoroughly.
It will give information about characteristics including their organ systems in detail.

1. PHYLUM KINORHYNCHA Presented By: Sabeeha Faiz Class: ADP Department: ZBC

2. AREAS TO BE COVERED

3. INTRODUCTION Kinorhyncha is a minor phylum. According to Storer and Usinger (1971) Phylum Kinorhyncha belongs to Superphylum Achelminthes. Greek:- kineo, to move (motion) + rhynchos, beak (snout) = Moveable Snout. Also called Mud Dragons. The first kinorhynch species was described by Dujardin (1851).

4. GENERAL CHARACTERS Number of species: 196 Habitat: Found in marine water. Habit: Free swimming and benthic. Size: Microscopic animals about 1.00mm. Body forms: Elongated, long and slender.

5. GENERAL CHARACTERS Body organization: Organ grade of body organization. Locomotion: Locomotory organ absent, but snouts help in locomotion. Germ layers: Triploblastic animals. Body symmetry: Bilaterally symmetrical animals.

6. GENERAL CHARACTERS Body plan: Tube body plan (mouth and anus present). Body coelom: Pseudocoelomates (fluid contains amoebocytes). Segmentation: Superficial segmentation of body into 13 or 14 overlapping rings (zonites).

7. GENERAL CHARACTERS Body Wall: Body surface with spiny cuticle but no cilia. Bodies are covered with multiple spines, which are moveable extensions of the body wall. Syncytial epidermis found and below epidermis, longitudinal, dorso - ventral muscles are found.

8. GENERAL CHARACTERS Body Structure: Elongated & divided into mouth, neck and trunk. Superficial segmentation of body into 13 or 14 overlapping rings (zonites ). The first segment is the head, with a retractable oral cone and a mouth. Behind the oral cone, 5 to 7 posteriorly directed scalids (sensory spines) are present.

9. GENERAL CHARACTERS The neck is the second zonite, made up of 16 placids, which can fold over the head when it is retracted. Remaining 11 zonites make up the animal’s trunk; each of these zonites is covered with a tergal (dorsal) and sternal (ventral) plates.

10. GENERAL CHARACTERS Digestive System: Food: Diatoms, algae and organic matter. Alimentary canal is complete (mouth & anus present). Foregut contains cuticle (from mouth to pharynx). Salivary glands are present.

11. GENERAL CHARACTERS Mouth: Mouth contains oral stylet (small bristle used as to capture food), and oral cone (Mouth cone or head protrusible and covered with scalids). Nervous System: A nerve ring with ventral cord with a ganglion in each zonites. Sense Organs: Eye spots (ocelli) in some example.

12. GENERAL CHARACTERS Circulatory System: Absent. Respiration: Simple diffusion. Excretory System: Kinorhynchs excrete wastes via a pair of protonephridia located in the 8 th and 9 th trunk zonites, dorsolateral to the gut. These open through pores in the body cuticle.

13. GENERAL CHARACTERS Reproduction: Dioecious. Gonads in a pair of tubular sac. Penial spicules in males. Fertilization internal. Development indirect: Larva present. Examples:- Echinoderes , Pycnophyes

14. CLASSIFICATION Two orders: Cyclorhagida e.g., Echinoderes & Campyloderes Homalorhagida e.g., Pycnophyes & Zelinkaderes

15. SIGNIFICANCE Kinorhynchs are likely included in the diets of most large marine invertebrates such as shrimp, snails, and other benthic feeders. These animals are an important link in the food chain as prey for larger animals.

16. OVERVIEW