ANIMAL RELATIONSHIPS Powerpoint presentation by gayathri.a.t

ANIMAL RELATIONSHIPS

1. ANIMAL RELATIONSHIPS TYPES OF RELATIONS AMONG ORGANISM GAYATHRI . A.T NATURAL SCIENCE

2. Different types of relations found among organisms. Relationships ensures food and space among organism. These relationship is known as interaction. On the basis of benefits and harmful effects – two types of interaction. Positive interaction & Negative interaction. INTRODUCTION

3. Beneficial for one interacting partner Other partner is not harmed or both of them benefited Includes Mutualism and Commensalism POSITIVE INTERACTION

4. Interaction between two living organisms of different species Both partners are benefited Examples Crocodiles and plover bird Ants and Aphids Flower and Butterfly Honey Bee and Flower MUTUALISM

5. ANTS & APHIDS Ants : feed on the sugary honeydew left behind by aphids. Aphids : protection provided by ants from predators and parasites.

6. CROCODILE & PLOVER BIRD Crocodile : gets mouth cleaned from food residues Plover Bird : gets food residues from teeth

7. One of the partner is benefited Other partner neither benefited nor harmed Examples Shark and Remora ( Sucker Fish ) Vanda and Mango tree Anemone fishes or clown fishes & Sea anemone COMMENSALISM

8. CLOWN FISH & SEA ANEMONE Clown fish : live amid the tentacles of the anemones which protects them from predators. Sea anemone : neither benefited nor harmed

9. SHARK & SUCKER FISH Sucker fish : gets free food and transport Shark : neither benefited nor harmed

10. One interacting partner is harmed Sometimes both partners are harmed Includes Predation Parasitism Competition NEGATIVE INTERACTION

11. Direct food relationship between two partners One partner captures and feed on other partner. Partner that captures and feed : Predator Partner that is eaten : Prey Examples Tiger & Deer Whale & small fishes Humans & other organisms PREDATION

12. TIGER & DEER Tiger : eats deer and gets food Deer : killed by tiger

13. WHALE & SMALL FISHES Whale : feed on small fishes & gets food Small fishes : killed by Whale

14. One partner is benefited and other is harmed. Partner those gets benefits : Parasites Partners those gets harmed : Host Parasites get food & shelter from the host Examples Tape worm and humans Leech and pig Mosquito and humans PARASITISM

15. TAPE WORM & HUMANS Tape worm : lives on intestine of humans & feed on them Humans : Diarrhea ,Abdominal pain, Hunger or loss of appetite, Fatigue, Weight loss, Vitamin and mineral deficiencies

16. MOSQUITO & HUMANS Mosquito : feeds on blood of humans Humans : gets various diseases transmitted by mosquito such as Dengue

17. Here organisms competes for resources like water, nutrients, light and space occurs when resources are not sufficient for all individuals Individuals harm one another in trying to obtain it. Examples Fishes inside an aquarium competing for food and space. Hyena and Lion competing for territory An Eagle and a Hawk competing for a prey. COMPETITION

18. Fishes inside an aquarium competing for food and space.

19. Hyena and Lion competing for territory

20. An Eagle and a Hawk competing for a prey.

21. Animal interactions play a vital role in the ecological balance Animal interactions are part of food chain and food web The energy flow in an ecosystem occurs through animal relationships Thus different types of animal interactions play their magnificent role in an ecosystem CONCLUSION

22. ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY & ECOLOGY Vijayakumaran Nair Academica Publications (2008) Science textbook, Std : VIII, SCERT www.en.encyclopedia.com www.wiki.pedia.com www.googleimages.com REFERENCES