Animal sources of drugs, medicines and perfumes

Animal sources of drugs, medicines and perfumes.

Submitted By:

Tarique Bin Aziz
MSc. in Zoology (Specialization in Wildlife & Biodiversity Conservation)
BSc. (Honors) in Zoology
Department of Zoology
Jagannath University, Dhaka

1. Submitted By: Tarique Bin Aziz MSc. in Zoology (Specialization in Wildlife & Biodiversity Conservation) BSc. (Honors) in Zoology Department of Zoology Jagannath University, Dhaka Animal sources of drugs, medicines and perfumes

2. Animal sources of drugs, medicines and perfumes

3. I ntroduction According to the world health organization, between 75% and 80% of world’s population use traditional folk medicine and drug. In the world, drugs and medicine are used in the treatment and preservation of diseases and people all over the world use body spray and perfumes to remove the ill smell.

4. Drug, medicine and perfumes can be obtained from various sources . The sources are – Plant sources Animal sources Micro- organism sources Mineral sources Synthetic sources Semi- synthetic sources

5. Definition of drugs and medicines Drug is a chemical substances also called medicine. Which is used in the treatment and prevention or diagnosis of diseases or used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well being . We can also say that, Drug is any substance or product used or intended to be used to modify or explore the physiological state or pathological condition for the well being of recipient .

6. Animal sources of Drugs : Pancreas is a source of insulin used in treatment of diabetes . Urine of pregnant women gives human chronic gonadotropin (HCG) used for the treatment of infertility. Sheep thyroid used in hypertension. Cod liver is used as a source of vitamin A and D. Blood of animals are used in preparation of vaccines. Immunoglobulin G is prepared by the injecting antigen into an animal and collecting the antibody formed as a reaction to the antigen. For example, horse globulin containing anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria toxin has been extensively used at one time

7. Animal Sources of Homeopathic Drugs : Drugs are derived from animals in general or their secretions or products; embracing the different kinds of worms, lice, insects, beetles , flies, crabs, toads, snakes . Whole animals: Living animals, spiders, snail, and dried animals are used as homeopathic drugs. Different parts : Different parts of animal also used in drugs. Some are given below:- 1. Spongia from skeletons 2. Calcarea calcinata from shells 3. Gadus lota from back bone of a fish 4. Castor from thumb nail of horse 5. Sepia from inky juice of the cuttle fish 6. Lecithin from animal brain or egg-yolk

8. Secretions: Orchitinum from testicular extracts of man, Ophorinum from ovarian extract of cow. Milk and milk products: 1. Colostrum from first part of human milk 2. Lac caninum from bitch milk 3. Lac defloratum from skimmed cow-milk 4. Lac felinum from the cat milk

9. Venoms of poisonous animals: Scorpions, A pis virus , B ufo vulgaris , A mpnisboena vermicularis (venoms of lizard snake ) V ipera betus , V ipera lachesis (from the venoms of poisonous snakes).

10. Advantages : 1.Huge amounts of drugs can be produced 2.Drug can be obtained in pure form. 3.It is less antigenic.   Disadvantages : 1.Well equipped lab is required. 2.Highly trained staff is required. 3.It is a complex and complicated technique

11. Animal sources of perfumes Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils or aroma compounds, fixatives and solvents used to give the human body. Animals, foods, objects and living-spaces an agreeable scent. Sources: 1. Ambergris : Sources: Lumps of oxidized fatty compounds, whose precursors were secreted and expelled by the sperm whale. Uses: It has a marine fecal odor. Highly valued by perfumers.

12. 2. Castoreum : S ources: Obtained from the odorous sacs of the mature North American beaver and the European beaver. Uses: used as a tincture in some perfumers. 3. Civet : S ources: Obtained from the odorous sacs of the civets, animals in the family Viverridae , related to the mongoose. Uses: This is a lso called Civet Musk. Used in perfume. 4. Hyraceum : Commonly known as "Africa Stone“ Sources: Obtained from both urine and feces excreted by Cape Hyrax. Uses: Used in traditional perfumery.

13. A dvantages : 1.Animals are highly valued for perfumery. 2.It possesses a sweet, generous, aromatic intensity and longevity. Disadvantages: 1. Extensive hunting of male musk deer for their pods in recent history has resulted in the detriment of the species. 2. World Animal Protection investigated African civets caught for this purpose which is harmful for their population.

14. Fig : Animal sources of Drugs, Medicines and perfumes.

15. Conclusion Animals serve as a great source for both drugs and perfumes. They are highly valued for those purpose but sometimes detriment of the species occurs as a result of extensive hunting.

16. Thank You……..