ANIMAL TISSUE

EPITHELIAL TISSUE AND MUSCULAR TISSUE

1. ANIMAL TISSUE ( PART -1) BY- MISS RITIMA APS RAKHMUTHI

2. ANIMAL TISSUE THE TISSUE PRESENT IN THE ANIMALS IS CALLED ANIMAL TISSUE. THE ANIMAL TISSUE IS OF FOUR TYPES: EPITHELIAL TISSUE MUSCULAR TISSUE CONNECTIVE TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE

3. EPITHELIAL TISSUE IT IS A PROTECTIVE TISSUE . THE CELLS OF THIS TISSUE ARE TIGHTLY PACKED AND FORMS CONTINIOUS SHEET. THE EPITHELIAL TISSUE MAY BE SIMPLE OR STRATIFIED.

4. FUNCTION IT FORMS THE OUTER LAYER OF SKIN .THESE CELLS PROTECT UNDERLYING CELLS FROM INJURY, DRYING , CHEMICAL EFFECTS etc. IT HELPS IN ABSORPTION OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS. INSIDE THE BODY , EPITHELIAL CELLS FORMS THE LINING OF MOUTH AND ALIMENTRY CANAL AND PROTECT THESE ORGANS. EPITHELIAL CELLS HELP IN ELIMINATING WASTE PRODUCTS. SOME EPITHELIAL CELLS PERFORMS THE SECRETORY FUNCTION

5. TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE

6. SIMPLE EPITHELIUM MADE UP OF THIN , FLAT IRREGULAR SHAPED CELLS. CELLS ARE COMPACTLY ARRANGED. IT ALSO CALLED AS PAVEMENT EPITHELIUM . OCCURANCE: FORMS DELICATE LINING OF CAVITIES LIKE MOUTH , OESOPHAGUS etc. FUNCTION: PROTECT THE UNDERLYING PARTS OF THE BODY FROM MECHANICAL INJURY ,GERMS , CHEMICALS etc.

7. COLUMUNAR EPITHELIUM THE CELLS ARE PILLAR SHAPED. OCCURANCE: IT OCCURS IN THE LINING OF STOMACH, SMALL- INTESTINE , COLON FORMING A MUCOUS MEMBRANE. FUNCTION: ITS MAIN FUNCTION INCLUDE ABSORPTION AND SECRETION.

8. CILIATED EPITHELIUM THE CELLS OF THE CILLIATED EPITHELIUM ARE CUBOIDAL AND BEARS A THREAD LIKE CYTOPLASMIC OUT GROWTHS CALLED AS CILLIA. OCCURANCE: THEY ARE FOUND IN THE SPERM DUCT , LINING OF TRACHEA , BRONCHI , KIDNEY TUBULES , OVIDUCT. FUNCTION: THE RYTHMIC BEATING OF CILLIA MOVES THE SOLID PARTICLES IN ONE DIRECTION THROUGH THE DUCT.

9. CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM THE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM CELLS CONSIST OF CUBOIDAL CELLS. OCCURANCE : IT IS FOUND IN KIDNEY TUBULES, THYROID VESICLES AND IN GLANDS. IT FORMS GERMINAL EPITHELIUM OF GONANDS- TESTIES, OVARIES. FUNCTION : IT HELPS IN THE ABSORPTION , EXCRETION AND SECRETION. IT PROVIDE MECHANICAL SUPPORT.

10. MUSCULAR TISSUE THE MUSCLE TISSUE IS A CONTRACTILE TISSUE MADE UP OF MUSCLE CELL. MUSCLE CELLS ARE ELONGATED AND LARGE SIZED, SO THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS MUSCLE FIBRE. ON THE BASES OF LOCATION AND FUNCTION THERE ARE FOLLOWING TYPES OF MUSCLE FIBRES: STRAIGHTED MUSCLES ( SKELETAL MUSCLES) SMOOTH MUSCLES CARDIAC MUSCLES

11. STRAIGHTED MUSCLES THEY ARE STRIPPED MUSCLES. THEY ARE VOLUNTARY MUSCLES. THE CHRACTERISTIC FEATURE OF STRIPPED MUSCLES IS THAT THEY SHOW ALTERNATE DARK AND LIGHT STRIPES. SINCE THESE MUSCLES ARE ATTACHED TO BONES , THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS SKELTAL MUSCLES. THEY ARE MULTI NUCLEATED MUSCLES. OCCURANCE: THE OCCUR IN MUSCLES OF LIMBS, BODY WALL , FACE , NECK etc. FUNCTION : THEY ARE POWERFUL AND UNDERGO RAPID CONTRACTION. IT PROVIDE FORCE FOR LOCOMOTION AND OTHER VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT.

12. SMOOTH MUSCLES THEY ARE ALSO CALLED AS UNSTRAITED OR INVOLUNTRY MUSCLES. THEY ARE HELD TOGETHER BY LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE. OCCURANCE : THEY ARE FOUND IN THE WALLS OF HOLLOW VISCERAL ORGANS EXCEPT HEART AND ARE CALLED AS VISCERAL MUSCLES . THUS THEY OCCUR IN WALLS OF ALIMENTRY CANAL, INTERNAL ORGANS, DUCTS OF GLANDS, URINOGENETICAL DUCTS AND BLOOD VESSELS.

13. CARDIAC MUSCLES CARDIAC MUSCLES SHOWS CHRACTERISTIC FEATURE OF BOTH SMOOTH AND STRAITED MUSCLES . CARDIAC MUSCLES HAVE STRIPS OF DARK AND LIGHT BANDS. THESE MUSCLES SHOWS DENSLY STAINED CROSS BANDS CALLED AS INTERCALATED IMPULSE – ACT AS IMPULSE BOOSTER. OCCURANCE: THE CARDIAC MUSCLES OCCUR IN THE HEART -WALLS OF THE HEART. FUNCTION: THEY CONTRACT ND RELAX RAPIDLY FROM EARLY EMBRYONIC STAGE UNTIL DEATH. THE CONTRCTION AND RELAXATION OF HEART MUSCLES HELP TO PUMP AND DISTRIBUTE BLOODTO VARIOUS ORGANS OF THE BODY.