animal tissue class 12th ncert for neet .ppt

animal tissue

1. ANIMAL TISSUES
BY DEEPAK B

5. SIMPLE EPITHELIUM
1.SQUAMOUS EPITELIUM
•Made up of flattened cells with irregular boundaries
•Known as Pavement epithelium –cells are fitted like
tiles
•Nuclei –Present at centre and flat
•Shape –Polygonal
•Known as Tessellated epithelium

6. LOCATION –wall of blood vessels (endothelium), air sacs of
lungs ,
lymph vessels , wall of Bowman’s capsule, loop
of Henle
FUNCTION -1] filtration in Bowman’s capsule
2] exchange of materials between blood capillaries and
tissue fluid
3] Exchange of gases

7. CUBOIDAL EPITELIUM
•Cube like cells lying on basement membrane
•Nuclei –Present at centre and round
•Free surface bear minute finger like projection known as micrvilli
which gives brush like appearance and increases the surface area
•Also known as Germinal epithelium –found in ovaries &
seminiferous tubule

8. LOCATION –Tubular parts of nephron in kidney, thyroid
follicles, ovaries and testis , proximal convoluted tubule(PCT)
Choroid and iris
FUNCTION –In PCT it is responsible for reabsorption of useful
Substances
Secretion and excretion by glands

9. COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
•Tall and slender cells lying on basement membrane
•Nuclei –Present at base and Elongated
•Free surface have microvilli
•Goblet cells –produce mucus
•The intestinal mucosa bearing microvillais called brush border
columnar epithelium

10. LOCATION –lining of stomach and intestine
FUNCTION –Absorption
Secretion

11. CILIATEDEPITHELIUM
•Columnar or cuboidal cell bear cilia on their free
surface are called ciliated epithelium
•The function of cilia is to move the particle or mucus
in specific direction
2 types
1
•Ciliated cuboidal epithelium –present in smaller
bronchioles

12. FUNCTION -Ciliated columnar epithelium is responsible for
passage of ovum
through fallopian tube
-in respiratory tract it helps in movement of
mucus
-Ependyma–move cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
2 Ciliated columnar epithelium –present in fallopian
tubes and respiratory tract

13. PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
•Cells are columnar but unequal in size
•long cell reach up to free surface but short cell do not reach free
surface
•Nucleus –long cell (oval) & short cell (round)
1Non –Ciliated columnar –Urethra & parotid gland
2 Ciliated columnar epithelium –Trachea & large bronchi

14. GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM

18. COMPOUND EPITHELIUM
•Made up of more than one layer of cells
•Multi-layered
•Provide protection & very little role in secretion and
absorption
1 STRATIFIED EPITHELIUM
•Stratum germinativum (deepest layer) formed by
columnar epithelium

19. KERATIN –Impervious to water & resistant to injuries
Stratified cuboidal epithelium lines the inner surface of
parotid gland and pancreatic duct
STRATIFIED non-keratinized squamous
epithelium
Stratified keratinised squamousepithelium
Cover moist surface Cover Dry surface
Eg:-Buccalcavity , oesophagus &
Pharynx
Eg:-Skin

20. 2. TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
•Thin and Stretchable
•It has layers
1. Deep layer –Columnar
2. Middle layer –Polygonal cells
3. Upper layer –It decide type of
epithelium (Squamous/cuboidal)

21. CELL JUNCTION
TIGHT JUNCTIONS
(zonula occludens)
GAP JUNCTION ADHERING JUNCTION
(Macula adherens)
•Prevents from
Leakage
•Facilitate the
communication b/w
the cells
•Perform cementing
to keep
neighbouring cell
together
Eg:-Cells of Stomach Eg:-Muscle tissue of
animal heart
Eg:-Cardiac muscles

22. CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body of animals
•Mesodermal in origin
Structure –made up of three components
1 Matrix(mucopolysaccharide) –ground substance made up of hyaluronic
acid
2 Cells –Fibroblasts which form fibres
3 Fibres –provide strength, elasticity& flexibility to the tissue
made up of collagen or elastic. Absent in blood

24. LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1 AREOLAR TISSUE
•Most widely distributed connective tissue in animal body
•Present in skin, around muscles blood vessels and nerves
•It joins skin to muscles
•STRUCTURE –Consist of Matrix and irregular cells which perform
different body function
Some of the examples are

25. A)Fibroblasts: Produce & secrete fibres & matrix
B)Macrophages:Phagocytosis
C)Mast cells: Produce
Histamine(dilates the wall of blood vessel in case of allergic
r×n)
Heparin(anticoagulant)
Serotonin(neurotransmitter)
D) Plasma cells–produce antibodies

26. Matrix contain two types of protein fibres:
1] White collagen fibres –made up of collagenprotein(Tough)
-Occur in bundles, unbranded & inelastic
2] Yellow elastic fibres –made up of elastinprotein
-branched and elastic
FUNCTION –1 helps in repair
2 supporting and packaging

27. 2 ADIPOSE TISSUE
•Composed of Fat cells –Adipocytes
•Sub –cutaneous
•Cytoplasm –Signet ring
•Nucleus –Peripheral
Location –located in skin, around vital organs
Function –acts as a insulator , protects from mechanical shock

28. DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
•Consists of fibres & fibroblast cells which are compactly packed in the
matrix
Dense connective tissue is of two types
1 Dense irregular connective tissue
2 Dense regular connective tissue
1] Dense irregular C.T
•it has fibroblasts & fibres that are oriented differently
Eg:-Skin
Dense irregular C.T

29. 2] Dense regular C.T
•collagen fibres are present in rows b/w many parallel bundles of fibres
Eg :-tendons and ligaments
TENDONS LIGAMENTS
* Inelastic * Elastic
* Join muscle to
bone
* Connect bone -
bone
•Made up of
white
collagen fibres
•Made up of few
elastin and
collagen
Dense regular C.T

30. SPECIALISED CONNECTIVE TISSUE
1 Skeletal C.T
1.CARTILAGE

35. MUSCULAR TISSUE