anjali.pptx A ppt on ecosystem diversity and services

This ppt is about ecosystem services. The services and their classification that the ecosystem provides us to fulfill our needs are categorised accordingly.

1. Ecosystem Diversity and Services Presented By Anjali Gupta M.Sc. II Sem III Department of Zoology University of Lucknow

2. Genetic Diversity Functional Diversity

3. • Ecology is defined as the study of interrelationship of different organisms with each other and with their environment. • Ecosystem refers to the system resulting from the interaction of all the living and non living factors of the Environment. There are many examples of ecosystems - a pond, a forest, an estuary, a grassland. • Biodiversity is the biological variety and variability of life on Earth. It includes diversity within and among species and ecosystems. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Ecosystem Diversity and Services Introduction

4. What is ecosystem diversity?   Ecosystem diversity  deals with the study of different   ecosystems  in a certain location and their overall effects on humans and the environment as a whole. It is one of the types of biodiversity along with  species diversity ,  genetic diversity , and  functional diversity . Ecosystem diversity focuses on both   terrestrial  and  aquatic ecosystems.  Also, it includes the variation of a biological community such as the number of levels of ecosystem diversity and different niches or habitat diversity, and other ecological processes. Ecosystem diversity has a great deal on both genetic and species diversity, thus it is coined as the “largest scale of biodiversity”. Grasslands, tundras , deserts, rainforests, terrestrial and  marine  ecosystems, are some examples of ecosystems that are diverse and contribute a lot to creating a well-balanced environment.

5. Ecosystem Services Ecosystem services are the many and varied benefits to humans provided by the natural environment and from healthy ecosystems. • Ecosystems and human well-being: a framework for assessment. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2003 , World Resources Institute, identified four major categories of ecosystem services: 1.Provisioning services 2. Regulating services 3. Cultural services 4. Supporting services • Changes in biodiversity can influence the supply of ecosystem services. • Biodiversity, as with ecosystem services, must be protected and sustainably managed.

6. Values of Biodiversity Direct values • Direct values, also known as use values and commodity values, are assigned to the products harvested by people. • These values can be further sub-divided as: a) Consumptive use value: It can be assigned to goods such as fuel wood and goods that are consumed locally and do not figure in national and international market b) Productive use value: It is assigned to products that are derived from the wild and sold in commercial markets. • Indirect values • Indirect values are assigned to benefits provided by biodiversity that do not involve harvesting or destroying the natural resource. • Such benefits include ecological benefits such as soil formation, nutrient cycling, waste disposal, air and water purification, education, recreation, etc. Indirect value can be further sub-divided as: a) Non-consumptive use value b) Aesthetic, social and cultural value c) Ethical value

7. Ecosystem and Biodiversity services Ecological Values Economical Values Consumptive Values Aesthetic Values Scientific Values Social Values Hydrological cycle, soil conservation, biogeochemical cycle, oxygen, ecosystem stability, decomposition, Food, medication, Industry: Wood, paper, textile, agro based, tourism. pleasure of enjoying wildlife’s beauty, generate about 12 billion dollars of revenue annually It involves ethical issues like “all life must be preserved” and the concept of “Live and let live” ; cultures of spiritual heritage. Studying and research on how each species can give scientists some clue as to how life evolved and will continue to evolve on Earth, how life functions and the role of each species in sustaining ecosystem, Integrated pest management.

8. References https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/global-biodiversity https://eatlas.org.au/content/what-biodiversity https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-03488-1#citeas https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300020899_Effects_of_Ecosystem_Diversity_on_Species_Richness_and_Ecosystem_Functioning_and_Services_A_General_Conceptualization https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Understanding-Conservation/Ecosystem-Services https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301650393_Ecosystem_Services Fundamentals of Ecology by Odum Eugene P. 1913-2002./ Barrett, Gary W. / Belmont, CA : Thomson Brooks/Cole, [2005].5th ed.