Ankit Bargali .. . .w. ][.w]fc.]w.c][w.c.rfcfc CGMA BCA-IV.ppt

ppt on input devices

1. Submitted By: Ankit
Bargali
Roll No:R220992106038
INPUT DEVICES FOR OPERATOR
INTERACTION
SESSION (2023-24) -EVEN SEMESTER BCA -IV
SUB. CODE : BCA 401
SUB. NAME : COMPUTERGRAPHICSANDMULTIMEDIA
APPLICATION

2. INPUT DEVICES
Inputdevicesarethingsweusetoputinformation
intoacomputer.
Aninputdeviceisanyhardwaredevicethatsends
datatothecomputer,withoutanyinputdevices,a
computerwouldonlybeadisplaydeviceandnotallow
userstointeractwithit,muchlikeaTV.
Forexample,akeyboardisaninputdevice.
Inputdevicesotherthanthekeyboardaresometimes
calledalternateinputdevices.
Mice,trackballs,andlightpensareallalternateinput
devices.

3. Keyboa
rd
Mouse
Light
Pen
Graphic
Cards
Data
Glove
Graphic
TabletTypes of Input Devices

4. Keyboard
Invented 100 years agoUsed to type data into the computer
Most common input device today
Has special keys for giving the computer commands
Commands tell the computer to do something, like save the file
These special keys are called command or function keys
There is no specific standard but we have stuck to the qwerty
keyboard
Different types of keyboards
It depends what we need to input
ATM keyboard, piano keyboard, alarm system keboard etc

5. Types of Keyboard
There are following types of Keyboards:
1.ERGONOMIC KEYBOARD
The artifact of this keyboard is slightly broader and
different in shape, when compared with the normal
keyboard.
In this key board certain space will be existing
between the two sets of keys and the countered
shape of this key board allow the users to place their
hands in the natural position to type.
These key boards are mostly used by the people
who often work with the key board as their usage is
easier and is less stressful for the wrist. The
following figure: Ergonomic keyboard shows how the
set of keys are separated with gaps in between.

7. Types of Keyboard(Cont’d)
2.Wireless Keyboard
A wireless keyboard, the name itself doles the meaning
that this keyboard can be operated without addressing a
wired connection to the processor.
The wireless keyboards are also referred as Cordless
keyboards; these keyboards require batteries to provide
the electricity which usually delivered through a PS/2 or
USB cable. “AA” or “AAA” batteries are most widely used
standard batteries for wireless keyboards.
Apple Macs are known to revolutionize the wireless
keyboard by making them thinner than the wired ones.
These keyboards usually work at 2.4 GHz frequency and
come with a dongle that connects and makes them
communicate with the computer.

9. Working of Keyboard

10. Advantages of Keyboard
You may chat with other players if in an online game
such as World of Warcraft, Runescape, Toontown,
and the like. Relatedly, some games require a
keyboard to play. You may enter information into
databases (Such as WikiPedia, WikiAnswers)
Homework, schoolwork, or work-work can be done
neatly using keyboard-required software. (Microsoft
word, notepad)
The use of a keyboard can enable shortcuts with
some programs. Any information that needs to be
entered into a computer, network, and/or etc. can be
added with, usually, ease.

11. Disadvantages of Keyboard
Keyboards can add up in price. Wireless keyboards
can get up to, but are not limited to, $125.
If not wireless, keyboards can add another wire (or
more) to a bulk of other wires, making any
workspace messy(confused).
If wireless, there may be very slight interference on
some rare frequency channels. Multiple wireless
keyboards may cross paths if settings are not set up
correctly. (Resulting in as tunned, confused user)

12. Mouse
A pointing device that fits comfortably under the
palm of your hand
The most widely used pointing device on desktop
computers
The mouse controls the movement of the pointer,
also called the mouse pointer, on the screen

13. How does a mechanical mouse
work?
A rubber or metal ball is
on its underside
When the ball rolls in a certain
direction, electronic circuits in
the mouse translate the movement
of the mouse into signals the
computer understands
A mouse pad provides better
traction and protects the ball
from a build up of dust and dirt
mouse
buttons
wheel
button
ball

14. How does an optical mouse
work?
Uses devices that emit & sense light
to detect the mouse’s movement
Some use optical sensors; others
use laser
More precise than a mechanical
mouse & does not require cleaning
Slightly more expensive
optical
sensor
forward
button
back
button
wheel
button

15. Advantages of Mouse
Can be installed without any installation software.
Mouse scroll is actually interchangeable.
a. Free scrolling pertaining to web browsing
b. Just click scrolling for choosing weapons and
even potions

16. Disadvantages of Mouse
They need a flat surface to be used, or else they
won't function.

17. Light Pens
A light penis a pen-shapedinput device.
A light pen utilizes a light sensitive detector, requiring you
to hold a pen and point it at the screen.
The device contains a light sensor which, when pointed
at a cathode ray tube screen, generates a signal each
time the electron beam raster passes by the spot the pen
is pointing at.
Light enters the lens of a light pen, where it encounters a
photoelectric cell, which converts the energy to a signal
that is sent to the computer. The light is obtained from the
refresh of the CRT, and at the instant the light is
generated, the computer knows what location on the
screen is being refreshed; this information is coordinated
with the signal from the light pen, and is subsequently
used by the graphics software to make a decision.

19. Advantages of Light Pens
Allows you to select objects on a display screen -It
has great accuracy-drawing directly on the screen so
it is more accurate-more precise
Durability and Accuracy : The light pen and
computer respond instantly when you move it or click
on one of the buttons located on the pen's sides. The
tip cannot damage the computer screen in any way.
Flexibility: In addition to having the full range of
mouse options, including allowing you to drag and
drop, you can use the light pen to directly draw or
write on the screen. This makes providing your
signature relatively simple.

20. Advantages of Light Pens
The amount of work space is reduced when you use
a light pen instead of a mouse because you do not
need a flat surface to operate a light pen.
Maintenance and Value :Buying a light pen to use on
your CRT computer monitor is cheaper than buying a
touch-screen monitor. The same is true for repairs or
replacements.

21. Disadvantages of Light Pens
Light pens have the advantage of 'drawing' directly
onto the screen, but this can become uncomfortable,
and they are not as accurate as digitizing tablets.
Light pens normally require a specially designed
monitor to work with.

22. Graphic cards
A graphicscard, also known as a videocard, is a
piece of hardware installed in a computer that is
responsible for rendering the image on the
computer’s monitor or display screen.
Graphics cards come in many varieties with varying
features
The first consideration when buying a
graphicscardis to be sure it is capable of displaying
the best resolution the monitor can support. For
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors this means
supporting the native resolution. Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT) monitors do not have a native resolution. In
this case, ensure thecardis capable of supporting
the highest resolution, even if theCRT monitor will

23. Graphic cards
The second consideration is on-board memory. A
graphicscardmust work very hard to render images
to the screen. Unlike text files, graphics images are
much larger files consisting of great amounts of data
that must be processed by the graphics or
videocard. A fastercardhas its own resident
memory chips to perform this function so as not to
impinge upon the system’s Random Access Memory
(RAM). Less robust cards have less resident
memory and require sharing system RAM to process
images.

24. Working of Graphic Cards
The images you see on your monitorare made of tiny
dots called pixels. At most common resolution settings, a
screen displays over a million pixels, and the computer
has to decide what to do with every one in order to create
an image. To do this, it needs a translator --something to
takebinary datafrom theCPUand turn it into a picture
you can see. Unless a computer has graphics capability
built into the motherboard, that translation takes place on
thegraphics card.
A graphics card's job is complex, but its principles and
components are easy to understand. In this article, we
will look at the basic parts of a video card and what they
do. We'll also examine the factors that work together to
make a fast, efficient graphics card.

25. Working of Graphic Cards
Think of a computer as a company with its own art
department. When people in the company want a
piece of artwork, they send a request to the art
department. The art department decides how to
create the image and then puts it on paper. The end
result is that someone's idea becomes an actual,
viewable picture.
A graphics card works along the same principles.
TheCPU, working in conjunction with software
applications, sends information about the image to
the graphics card. The graphics card decides how to
use the pixels on the screen to create the image. It
then sends that information to themonitorthrough a
cable.

26. Working of Graphic Cards
Creating an image out ofbinary datais a demanding
process. To make a3-Dimage, the graphics card first
creates a wire frame out of straight lines. Then,
itrasterizesthe image (fills in the remaining pixels). It
also addslighting, texture and color. For fast-paced
games, the computer has to go through this process
about sixty times per second. Without a graphics card to
perform the necessary calculations, the workload would
be too much for the computer to handle.
The graphics card accomplishes this task using four main
components:
Amotherboardconnection for data and power
Aprocessorto decide what to do with each pixel on the
screen
Memoryto hold information about each pixel and to
temporarily store completed pictures
Amonitorconnection so you can see the final result

27. Types of Graphic Cards
There are main 4 types of Graphic Cards
1. Integrated
If you have a computer, but did not assemble it yourself or
upgrade it in any way, chances are that it uses an integrated
graphics card to display images on your screen. When a
graphics card is described as integrated, it refers to the card's
relationship with the computer's motherboard. Integrated
graphics cards are sometimes also known as on-board
graphics cards. Integrated graphics cards are the default
option that come with standard motherboards. An integrated
graphics card can be upgraded, but it requires plugging a new
graphics card into your computer's motherboard and ignoring
your old card.
Integrated graphics cards are the least powerful variety
overall, at least compared to the time period they are from. If
you have an integrated graphics card and want to play the
latest video games, you will need to upgrade.

28. Types of Graphic Cards
2. PCI
PCI graphics cards are graphics cards that use the PCI slots on your
motherboard to connect to your computer. PCI graphics cards are
usually a little bit out of date, if not extremely so. However, many
older motherboards have PCI slots, but lack newer varieties of
connections. For this reason, there is still a reason to buy a PCI
graphics card —but only if you are trying to upgrade an older
system.
3. AGP
AGP graphics cards are named for the same thing PCI cards are —
the slot they connect to on a motherboard. AGP cards can have 4
speeds, the fastest being 8x. However, if your motherboard only
supports a lower speed, such as 1x, 2x, or 4x, your graphics card will
behave as if it is of that slower speed, rather than its real speed. AGP
connections are not quite as fast as PCI-E slots due to technological
limits, and as a result will not be developed to run at higher speeds.
However, like PCI cards, they are more widely compatible than the
most cutting-edge cards.

29. Types of Graphic Cards
4. PCI-Express
PCI-E cards are the most advanced, connecting to
the motherboard's PCI-E slot. PCI-E graphics cards
can be accelerated to 16x. In addition, a
motherboard with more than one PCI-E slot can
have more than one PCI-E graphics card connected
to it, combining their power. However, this is a rare
scenario. This can also cause compatibility problems
if not planned out correctly; certain motherboards
work better with certain other specific brands of PCI-
E video card.

30. Advantages of Graphic Cards
The advantage of a graphics card is that it allows
you to hook up a monitor and see what your
computer is doing.
More room to run applications in, less scrolling side
to side and up and down in your windows, more
colors (this isn't necessarily true, but it is a closely
related topic, and I'll address this issue below), more
colors means nicer looking pictures (ever notice that
annoying color banding (called dithering) in most of
the pictures you look at), A much less cluttered
appearance (unless you're one of those people who
upon getting more space, feels the need to fill it up).

31. Disadvantages of Graphic Card
The disadvantage is that your computer wont work
without one.
With higher resolutions and colors, there is a
performance hit (speed), which could be big or small
depending on your hardware and the resolution you
set up (generally it's a very small performance hit).
This is due to the fact that there ismuchmore
information to deal with as well as more pixels to
update on-screen (I'll get to this below), The higher
you set your resolution, the smaller your icons and
text, and your refresh rate drops (I'll get to this too).

32. Data Glove
Data Glove is a device to interact with animated artificial
objects. Consider a glovefitted with sensors and electrical
wires hooked to a glove compatible computer.
Here, we can see our hand inside the glove in the display
monitor of the computer.As we rotate or move our hand and
manipulate our fingers, we can see our handinside the glove
in the display monitor of the computer. Consider further that
agraphic object is described in the monitor. The object may be
animated. It may evenbe a scaled replica of a real life object.
Now , if we try to move our hand in space insuch a way that
the image of our hand in the display manipulates the graphic
objectin the screen, we shall have a strange feelings. With out
actually touching anything,we may distort the shape of the
object using the image of our hand inside the dataglove!This
glove act as an agent to transport the user to an artificial
domain.

33. Data Glove

34. GRAPHICS TABLET
Agraphicstabletisacomputerinputdevicethatenablesausertohand-draw
imagesandgraphics,similartothewayapersondrawsimageswithapenciland
paper.
Thesetabletsmayalsobeusedtocapturedataorhandwrittensignatures.
Itcanalsobeusedtotraceanimagefromapieceofpaperwhichistapedor
otherwisesecuredtothesurface.
Capturingdatainthisway,eitherbydrawingorenteringtheanglesoflinear
poly-linesorshapesiscalleddigitizing.
Thedeviceconsistsofaflatsurfaceuponwhich
theusermay"draw"ortouchanimageusingan
attachedstylus,apen-likedrawingdevice.
Theimagegenerallydoesnotappearonthe
tabletitselfbut,rather,isdisplayedonthe
computermonitor.

35. Advantages of GRAPHICS
TABLET
Easy way to control a computer
Easy way to draw a scale image on a computer
better quality of image
More effective than mouse input.
Can input pressure data for use in a graphics
package

36. Disadvantages of GRAPHICS
TABLET
Touch screens break easily
The stylus pens can be easily lost therefore the graphics
tablet
will not work
slower then paper drawing Can be awkward to access
menus and make selections Larger designs (A4 for
example) are expensive
More expensive than a mouse, especially in the larger
sizes.
Not as precise as a mouse for menu control, so it tends
to be an addition rather than a replacement
Graphic tablets are rather like electronic tracing paper
and, like paper ,they one in all sizes from a modest A4
size to a very large A0 size which will occupy the best
part of a desk.

37. Graphical Tablet

38. Thank you..!!