ANSI_A14_3_2008_(R2018) Standard_for_Ladders.pdf

Ladder Standard

1. -&..a;. • • • ..

3. ANSI·ASC® A 14.3-2008
Revision of ANSI A 14.3 2002
American National Standard
for Ladders -Fixed -
Safety Requirements
Secret ariat
American Ladder Institute
Approved October 31, 2008
American National Standards Institute, Inc.
For information on possible errata sheets and other ANSI-ASC
A 14 Standards please refer to the All website located at:
www.americanladderinstitute.org

4. American National Standard
An American National Standard implies a consensus
of th
ose substa ntially concerned with its scope and
provisions. An American National
Standard is intended
as a guide to aid the m anufacturer, the consumer, and t he
general pu blic. The existence of an A merican National
Standard does n ot in any resp ect preclude anyone,
whether they have approved
the standard or not, from
m
anufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products,
processes,
or procedures not conforming to the standard.
American National
Standards are subject to periodic
review and users
are cautioned to obtain t he latest e ditions
and errata sheets.
The American National
Standards Institute does not
dev
elop standards and wiU in no circumstances give
an interpretation of any Ameri
can National Standard.
Moreover, no pe
rsons shall have the right or authority
to
issue an interpretation of an American Nat ional
Standard in the name of the American National
Standar ds Institute.
CAUTION NOTICE: This A merican National
Standard may be revised or withdrawn at anytime.
T
he procedures of the American National Standards
Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm,
revis
e, or withdraw this standard no later than five
ye
ars from the date of publication. Purchasers of
American National Standards may receiv e cu rrent
information on all standards by calling or writing
the American National Standards Institute.
ii
Published by
American Ladder Institute
401 N. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611
Copyright by ANSI Accredited Standards Committee
(ASC) A14 All rights r eserved.
No part of this publi cation may be reproduced in any
form, in an electro
nic retrieval syst em or otherwise,
wit
hout the prior written pennission of the publisher.
Printed in the Un ited States of America
(
:
-

5. Foreword
(This Foreword is not a part of the American National
Standard
Al4.3-2008.)
This standard is a revision
of American National
Safety
Standard for Fixed Ladders, ANSl A14.3-2002. It is
one
of a series of seven standards prepared under the
supervision of American National
Standards Committee
ASC A 14. All seven standards have been developed
by subcommitt
ees reporting to American National
Standards Committee
ASC A14. The subcommittees
are: Al4.1, Portable Wood Ladders; A14.2, Metal
Ladders; AJ4.3, Fixed Ladders; A14.4, Job-Made
Ladders, A 14.5, Portable Reinforced Plastic Ladders,
Al4.7, Mobile Ladder
Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand
Platforms, and A14.9, Ceiling M ounted Disappearing
and Climbing Systems.
All seven standards derive from the original American
National Standard Safety Code for Construction, Care
and Use of Ladders, AI4, which was first approved in
1923. Revisions were approved in 1935, 1948, 1952,
1984, 1992, and 2002. Prior to the 1948 revision, the
Code contained some treatment
of metal and fixed
ladders. Requirements for these types
of ladders were
removed from the 1948 revision, which then became the
American National Standard for Wood Ladders,
ANSI
A 14.1 - 1948, because, in the opinion of the committee,
the rapid development in the metal ladder field wan·anted
special consideration and treatment of metal ladders and
fixed ladders (usually metal) in
separate standards.
Subcommittee A14.3 was cr
eated for the purpose of
reviewing the data on fixed ladders originally contained
in the Code prior to the 1948 revision, and making
any changes
or additions necessary to conform to the
requirement
of interested groups. The A 14.3 standard was
submitted
to the
ASC Al4 Committee for letter ballot in
December of 1955 and
approved in 1956. A revision was
published in 1974, 1984, 1992, and 2002.
This revision addresses a new section on ladder security
systems, and changes
to graspability in r oof hatches,
modifications
of ladder safety systems, maintenance,
use and additional figures
to assist document users.
Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be
welcome. They should
be sent to the
ASC A14 Committee
c/o the American Ladder Institute
at 401 N. Michigan
Avenue, Chicago,
IL 60611. All comments must be sent
on the
Official Conunent Foun that can be:: found 011 the
last page of this document. Each comment must include
a rationale.
iii

6. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by American National Standards Committ ee on the
safety requirements for fixed ladders, ASC Al4. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that
all the
committee members voted for its approval. At the time it approved this standard, the Al4 Committee had the following members:
Erick Knox, Chairman
Don Gibson, Vice Chair
Ron
Pietrzak, Secretariat
Organization Represented Name of Representative
American Insurance A ssociation . ........................................................ George Earhart
American Ladder Institute ....
......................................................... Marc McConnell
American
Society of Safety Engineers ..................................................... Earnest Harper
Michael Lorenzo (Alt)
Associated General Contractors of America
.................................................. Charles Bird
Michele Myers
(Ait)
Canadian Standards Association ............................................................ Walter Dick
Cosco Home and Office Products ............................................................ Eric Kru se
Terry Emerson (Alt)
Disappearing Attic Stairway Association . ................................................ Dennis Williams
Brad Hudspeth (Ait)
Illin
ois Association of Building Maintenan ce Contractors ...................................... Carl
Pedersen
James Weil (Alt)
International
Brotherhood of El ectrical Workers ........................................... James Tomaseski
International
Union of Painters and Allied Trades ............................................... Dan Penski
Mike Metz (All)
International Union of Bricklayers & Allied Craftsmen .................................... Anthony Kassman
Metal La
dder Manufacturers Association .................................................... Dave Plotner
Dale King (Ait)
National Fire
Protection Association ................................................... Samuel C. Cramer
Ronald Bennett (Alt)
National Frame Builders Association
........................................................
Stan Virkler
Precision Ladders ..................................................................... Don McKinney
Steve Richey (Ait)
Risk R
etention
Services ................................................................. Paul B. Junius
Robert G. Stuligross (All)
Scaffold Industry Association
.......................................................... Alan Kline (Alt)
Steel Plate Fabricators Association .. ..................................................... Wallace Melvin
Underwriter's Laboratories
........................................................ Edgar Wolff-Klammer U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission .. ............................................. Thomas Caton*
M
ark E. Kumagai (Alt )* U.S. Department of Labor OSHA ....................................................... Virginia Fitzner*
Robert
Bell (Alt)*
Indepen dent Specialists ............................................................... Donald Bloswick
*non-voti ng advisory member
iv
John E. Johnson
George H. Kyanka
Irving
Ojalvo
Steven Cramer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
e
• lil
~
~
~
(il
it
'it
~
~
~
•
~
a
14)
~

7. SuhcommitteeAJ43 on Safety Re".quirements for Fixed Ladders, which developed this standard, had the following members:
James D. Smith, Chairman
Ronald Bennett
J. Nigel Ellis
Donald Bloswick
Tom Wolner
Sharon Morales
Thomas Bresnahan
v

8. Contents
Section Page
1. Gen eral. .................................................................................... l
1.1 Scope ................................................................................... I
1.2 Purpose ................................................................................. I
1.3 Appli
cations .............................................................................. l
1.4
Pitch .................................................................................... l
1.5 Exceptions ............................................................................... I
1
.6 Existing Installat ions ....................................................................... 1
1.7 Int
erpretation ............................................................................. 2
1.8 Mandatory and Advisory Rules ............................................................... 2
1.9 Equivalent ............................................................................... 2
1.10 Recognized Design Practice ................................................................ 2
2. Related Standards ............................................................................ 2
2.1 Related American Nation al Standards .......................................................... 2
2.2 Other Related Standards .................................................................... 2
3. Defin itions ................................................................................. 2
4.
General Design Criteria ........................................................................ 3
4.1 M
aximum Ladder Lengths and Protection Requirements .......................................... 3
4.2 Design Loads ............................................................................. 4
4.3 Design
Stresses and Fabrication .............................................................. 4
5. Design Details for Fixed Ladders ................................................................ 5
5.1 Steps and Rungs .......................................................................... 5
5.2 Side Rails ................................................................................ 6
5.3 Termina tion at the Top of the Ladder .......................................................... 7
5.4 Clearances ............................................................................... 7
5.5 Grounding ............................................................................... 8
5.6 Corrosi ve Resistance . ...................................................................... 8
6. Design Details for Cages, Wells and Platforms ..................................................... 8
6.1 Cages ................................................................................... 8
6.2 Wells ................................................................................... 8
6.3 Platfo
rms ................................................................................ 9
vi
•
•
•
•
•
•
••
•
• ..
•
~-
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

9. 7 Ladder Safety System ......................................................................... 9
7.1 General Design
........................................................................... 9
7.2
Safety Factors ............................................................................ 9
7.3 Ladder Safety Systems Consisting of a Carrier, Safety S leeve, and Full Body Harness .... ............... 9
7.4 Ladder Safety Systems of Other Designs ..................................................... J 0
7.5 Test Methods . ........................................................................... 10
8 Protective Finishes .. ......................................................................... 11
8.1 Metal Ladders .. ......................................................................... I 1
8.2 Wood Ladders ..
......................................................................... 11
8.3
Combined Materials .. .................................................................... 1 J
9 Maint enance and
Use of Ladders ............................................................... 11
9.1 General ................................................................................ 11
9.2 Use ................................................................................... 11
9.3 Maintenance ............................................................................. 12
9.4 Ladder Security Systems ................................................................... 12
I 0. Revision of American National Standards Referred to in This Document. ............................... 12
Figures
Figure I
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure II
Pitch of Fixed Ladders .................................................................. 13
Lenglh of Climbing 24 ft. or Less ......................................................... J 3
Lenglh
of Climbing 24ft. or Less With Elevated Access ....................................... 14 Single Length of Climb Greater Than 24ft. ................................................. 14
Total Lengths
of Climb Greater Than
50 ft. ................................................. 15
Support and Ladder Dimension and Side Clearances .. ........................................ 16
Rung Ends
........................................................................... 17
Individual Rung Ladders
................................................................ 18
Termination at Floor or Platform .......................................................... 18
Terminations
at Roof .............
0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19
Grab Bars. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
...........
0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 19
Figure 12 General Arrangements for Ladders in Wells ............................... 0 ••••••••• 0 ••••••• 20
Figure 13 Deflector Plate for Hatch Opening with Redu ced Clearance .................................... 21
Figure 14 Counterbalanced Hatch Cover at R oof ..................................................... 21
Figure 15 Minimum Ladd
er Clearance ............................................................. 22
Figure 16 Through Ladder Clearance ....
.......................................................... 22
Figure 17 Example
of the General Construction of Cages .............................................. 23
Figure
18 Example of a Cage
Plan . 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 ••••••••••• 0 •••••••••••••••••••••• 24
Figure 19 Display of Power Grip ........... 0 • 0 0 ••••••••• 0 •••••• 0 ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 0 •••••••• 25
Figure 20 Connection Length Between Carrier and Safety Sleeve ...................... 0 •••••••••• 0 •••••• 25
Figure 21 Dynamic Strength Test, Ladder Safety System, Shown Prior to Release of the Test Weight ........... 26
Figure 22 Ladder Guard ........................................... 0 •••••••••••••••• 0 •••• • • • • •••• 27
Comment Form .
................................................................................ 28
vii

10. viii
-
::======== ----------~==~~~-
•
4
~
4
• ,.
41
•
41
•
4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-
•
• -
•
• -
•
•
•
•
-
•
•
•
•
-~
• -·
•
• --
•
•
•
'-'

11. American Notional Standard A 14.3·2008
American National Standard for Ladders
Fixed -Safety Requirements
-
1. General
1.1 Scope
This standard pre~crihes minimum requirements for the
d
esign, construction, and use of fixed ladders, and sets
forth requireme
nts for cages, wells, and ladder safety
systems used with fixed ladder s, in order to minimize
personal injuries. A
ll parts and appurtenances necessary
for a safe and efficient ladder shall
be considered integral
parts
of the design.
1.2 Purpose.
The purpose of this standard is to provide safety for lif e,
limb. and property by establishing minimum standards
for the design and installation of fixed ladders.
1 .3 Application.
The methods employed to ensure compliance with this
standards shall be determined by the proper regulatory
or administrative authority.
1.4 Pitch.
This standard covers fixed ladders within the pitch range
of
60 to 90 degrees from the horizontal.
1.4.1 Preferred Pitch. The preferred pitch of fixed
ladders shall
be considered to be within the range of 75
to
90 degrees fr om the horizontal (See Fig. 1 ).
1.4.2 Substandard Pitch. Fixed ladders shall be consid­
ered substandard
if they are insta lled within the substan­
dard pitch range
of
60 to 75 degrees from the horizontal.
1.4.3 Pitch Great er Than 90 Degrees. Ladders having a
pitch in excess of 90 degrees from the horizontal shall
not be permitted.
1 .5 Exceptions
1.5.1 This standard is intended f or application to the
types of fixed structures depicted and d
escribed in the
standard (i.e., buildings,
wells, and shafts). It sets forth
the criteria (what is needed) necessary to build a
fixed
ladder in a certain way and manner (how to build).
The
standard does
not. contemplate spt:<.:ial ur uni4ue (as to
where and when) applications of
the requirements,
although individ
ual requirements, or a combination of
requirements, may apply universally.
1.5.2 This standard establishes requirements for fixed
ladders in o
rder to promote a gr eater degree of standard­
ization.
In cases where difficulty is encountered in
complying with the standard, or where there are special
service conditions, it is expected th at the administrative
authority wi
ll grant exceptions from the literal requirements
of the standards, or will permit the u se of alternative
designs or featur
es, if equivalent safety is thereby
secured (see
1.9).
1.6 Existing
Installation
1.6.1 The requirements of this standard shall not apply
to existing installations, provided they m eet one of the
following conditions:
(1) The installation was made in compliance with a state,
federal, or
consensus standard that was in existen ce and
app
licable at the time of installation, and documentation
is available
to substantiate this.
(2)
The installation differs from the design measurements
of this standard by a degree, determined by an indi vidual
competent in structural design, such that its
performance
will not substa ntially deviate from the requirements of
this standard.
1.6.2 If the existing installation is subsequently modified
or replaced, or if repairs on more than 25 percent of the
total
unit are required, the installation sha ll be made to
conform to
the requirements of this standard.

12. American National Standard A 14.3-2008
1.7 Interpretation
1. 7.1 This standard is designed to serve as a guide for
regulatory bodies
or administrative agencies in the
formulation of laws and regulations. It is also intended
for voluntary use by establishments that use or design
fixed ladders,
or manufacture them for installation.
1.7.2 To secure uniform application of this standard, it
is recommended that suggestions involving changes in
the-requirements or disputes over their interpretation be
referred to the organization holding the secretariat of
this standard:
The American Ladder Institute, 401 N. Michigan Ave.,
Chicago Illinois, 600 II.
1 .8 Mandatory and Advisory Rules.
Mandatory requirements of this standard arc indicated
by the word "shall." If a requirement is of an advisory
nature,
it is indicated by the word
"should" or is stated
as a recommendation.
1.9 Equivalent.
The word "equival ent" in this standard shall be interpreted
to mean an alternative design, feature, construction, .
connection,
or material p roviding equal performance.
1 . 1
0 Recognized Design Practice.
The term "recognized design practice" in this standard
shall
be interpreted to mean the use and application of
those specifications contained in the standards cited in Section 2 and 4.3.
2. Related Standards
2. 1 Related American National
Standards.
This standard is intended for use with the following
American National Standards (see Section I 0).
American National Standard Safety Requirements for
Workplace Floor and Wall Openings, Stairs, and Railing
Systems, ANSI Al264.1 -2007.
American National Standard Safety Requirements for
Portable Wood Ladders, ANSI Al4.1 -2007.
American National Standard Safety Code for Elevators
and Escalators, ANSI/ ASME A 17.1 -2004.
American National Standard Lightning Protection Code,
ANSIINFPA 780 -2008.
American National Standard Z359.1 -2007, Fall
Protection Code.
2
.> ;....-
.... --.... ...... - -
American National Standard, Z490.1-2007,
Criteria for Accepted Practices in Safety, Health
and Environmental Training.
2.2 Other Related Standards.
This standard is also intended for use with the following
standards:
American Welding Society AWS D.l.l, Dl.lM-2006
Standard Welding Code -Steel.
American Welding Society A WSD 1.2, D 1.2M -2006
Standard Welding Code -Aluminum.
Aluminum Design Manual. Specifications for Aluminum
Structures, ADM 1-2005'
Specification for Structural Steel Buildings,
ANSI! AISC360-05-20<)52.
Specifications for Structural Steel, ASTM A36/A36M-
20053.
National Design Specifications for Wood Construction,
2002•
3. Definitions
Active Fall Protection Systems. A means of providing
fall protection
that requires individuals to wear or
use fall protection equipment and which requires fall
protection training.
C
age. A barrier, which may be referred to as a cage
guard or basket guest, that is an enclosure mounted on t he
side rails of the fixed ladder or fastened to the structure
to enclose the climbing space of the ladder in order to
safeguard
the employee climbing the ladder.
Carrier. The track of a lad der safety system consisting
of a flexible cable or rigid rail, which is secured to the
ladder
or structure by mountings.
Connector. A component used to connect and disconnect
between the harness
and the ladder safety sleeve.
Examples include snaphooks
and carabiners.
Fastening. Attaching a lad der to a structure, building or
equipment u sing a positive means such as bolt, weld or
other type
of fasteners.
'Available from The Aluminum A ssociation, 1525 Wilson Blvd.,
Suite
600, Arlington, VA, 22209
'Available from American Institute of Steel Construction, I East
Wacker Dr., Chicago, IL 60601
'Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA
19428
• Available from the American Forest and Paper Association, Ill! 19th
Street. NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036

13. Fixed ladder. A fixed ladder is a ladder permanently
attached to a structure.
Harness, full body. A component with a design of straps
which is fastened about the person
in a manner so as to
contain the
tOrso and distribute the fall arrest forces over
at least the upper thighs, pe lvis, chest and shoulders.
Ladder. A devi
ce incorporating or employing steps,
rungs,
or cleats on which a person may step to ascend
or descend.
Ladder safety system. An assembly of components
whose functi
on is to arrest the fa ll of a user, including the
carrier and its associated attachment el
ements (brackets,
fasteners, etc.), safety sleeve, full body harness and
connectors, wherein the carrier is permanently attached to
the
climbing face of the ladder or immediately adjacent
to the structure.
Landing. Any area such as the ground, roof, or a platform
that provides access/egress for a
fixed ladder.
Length of climb. The total vertical distance a person
could climb in traveling between the extreme points of
access/egress for a fixed ladder, whether the ladder is of
an unbroken length or consists of multiple sections. This
total vertical distance is determined by including all
spac
es between
all ladder steps or rungs and all other
vertical intervening spaces between the extreme
points
of access/egress.
Mounting. A means for attaching a ca ge or a ladder
safety system to a ladder.
Passive Fall Protection. A means of providing fall
protection that does not require individuals to wear or
u
se fall protection
equipme!lt.
Pitch. The included (acute) angle between the horizontal
and the ladder, which is measu
red on the opposite side
of the ladder from
the climbing side. The pitch is usually
expressed as
H/L, which is the horizontal distance, H,
from t
he base of the ladder to the supporti ng surface
divided by the working length, L,
of the ladder.
Platform. A landing surface that is used as a working or
standing location.
Power grip. The individual's ability to wrap the fingers
around an object and oppose the base
of the thumb. In this
grip,
the force exerted by the fingers is approximately equal
and opposite to that exerted by the thumb (See Fig. 1 9).
Rail. The si
de members joined at intervals by either
rungs
or steps.
Rail ladder. A fixed ladder consisting
of side rails joined
at regular intervals by rungs and fastened
full length or
in sections to a bui lding, structure, or equipment.
American National Standard A 14.3-2008
Rungs. Rungs are ladder crosspieces of circular or
oval cross section whi ch a person may step in ascending
or descending.
Safety sleeve. The part
of a ladder safety system consisting
of the moving component with locking mechanism t hat
travels on the carrier and makes the connection between
the carrier and the full body harness.
Side-step
ladder. A rail ladder that requires a person
getting
off at the top to step sideways from the ladder in
order to reach a landing.
Step surfaces. The clear portions of steps or rungs on
which a person may st
ep
while ascending or descending
a ladder.
Through ladder. A rail ladder that requires a person
getting
off at the top to step through the ladder in order
to reach a landing.
Toeboard. A barrier erected along the exposed edges of
a platform or landing surface to prevent falls of materials
or tools that would create hazards to persons below.
Well (shaft). A walled enclosure around a
fiXed ladder
that provides the person climbing the ladder with the
same protection as a cage.
4.
General Design Criteria
4.1 Maximum Ladder Lengths and
Protection Requirements
4.1.1 A cage, well, or ladder safety system shaiJ not be
required where the length
of climb is 24 feet or less
above or below ground level,
or above or below a
floor
or roof with access/egress from ground level, floor, or
roof (See Fig. 2).
4.1.2 A cage
or ladder safety system shall be provided
where the length
of climb is less that 24 feet but the top
of the ladder is at a distance greater than 24 feet above
ground level, floor,
or roof
(See Fig. 3).
4.1.3 A ladder safety
system
shall be provided where a
single length
of climb is greater than 24 feet
(See Fig. 4).
4.1.4 Multiple sections
of ladders having a single len gth
of climb not exceeding 24 feet
(See Fig. Sa) shall be
pro
vided with a cage, well or ladders safety system and
shall meet
the requirements of 4.1.4.1 and 4.1.4.2.
4.1.4.1 Where cages
or
wells are used on multiple
ladder sections:
3

14. American National Standard A 14.3-2008
a. Each section of ladder shall be horizontally offset
from adjacent sections with sufficient clearances.
b. A
lancting platform shall be provided for safe
access/egress with appropriate clearances to protect
the user (See Fig. Sa).
4.1.4.2 Ladder safety systems shall be used when the
length
of climb of a ladder or multiple section ladders
exceeds
50 feet in a single length of climb and rest
platforms shall
be provided at maximum intervals of 150 feet (See Fig. Sb).
4.1.5 All parts and surfaces of fixed ladder installations
shall
be free of sharp edges, burrs, or other details that
may
be hazardous to the person using the ladder.
4.1.6 A ladder safety system may be used in combinati on
with a cage.
4.2 Design Loads.
All ladders, platforms, appurtenances, and fastenings
shall
be designed to meet the l oad requirements
described
in 4.2.1 through 4.2.3.
4.2.1 Live Loads for Ladders
4.2.1.1 Live Loads Imposed
by
Persons. Live loads
imposed by persons shall be as follows:
a.
The minimum design live load shall be two loads
of
250 pounds each concentrat ed between any two
consecutive attachments. Each step
or rung in the
ladder shall
be designed for a single concentrated
live load
of
250 pounds minimum.
b. The number and position of additional concentrat­
ed
live load units of
250 pounds each, determined
from anticipated usage
of the ladder, shall be con­
sidered in the design.
4.2.1.2
Other Live Loads. The following live loads
shall
be considered in the design, where applicable:
a. A uniform coating
of ice on all parts of the ladder;
b. A wind load on all parts of the ladder;
c.
The weight of rigging attached to the ladder,
including the load to
be lifted; and
d. Anticipated impact loads resulting from the use
of
ladder safety systems and other live loads.
4.2.1.3 Live Load Concentration. All live loads shall
be considered to be concentrated at such a point or
points as will cause the maximum stress in the struc­
tural member in question.
4.2.2 Live Loads
for Platfonns. Ail platforms shall be
designed for a uniform minimum live load
of
100
pounds per square foot over the entire platform area; for
the live loads resulting from ladders secured dir
ectly to
4
the platfo rms; and for other live loads as indicated in
4.2.1.2.
4.2.3 Dead Loads
4.2.3.1 Ladders.
The weight of the ladder and attached
appurtenances shall
be considered simultaneously
with the live loads in the design of rails, supports,
and fastenings.
4.2.3.2 Platforms. The weight of the platforms and
attached appurtenances,
inducting the dead load of any
portion
of the ladder supported by the platform, shall
be
considered simultaneously with the live loads in the
design
of platform framing supports and fastenings.
4.3 Design Stresses and Fabrication.
4.3.1
Steel
4.3.1.1 Ladders and Platfonns. Steel ladders and
platforms shall
be designed and fabricated in accordance
with t
he applicable requirements in
ANSI! AISC 360-
05-2005. Portable st eel ladders may be adapted for
use
as fixed ladders provided they meet all the
requirements
of
this standard.
4.3.1.2 Materials. Materials conforming to ASTM
A36/A36M-2005 or the equivalent shaH be used.
Higher strength st
eel may be used, subject to the
requir
ements of
ANSIIAISC 360-05-2005.
4.3.1.3 Welding. Welding for steel ladders shall
conform to all applicable requirements
of
ANSIIAISC
360-05-2005.
4.3.2 Aluminum
4.3.2.1 Ladders and Platfom!s. Aluminum ladders
and platforms shall
be designed and fabricated in
accordance with the applicable requirements of ADM
I -
2005. Portable aluminum ladders may be adapted
for u
se as fixed ladders provided they meet all the
requirements
of this standard and all live loads.
4.3.2.2 Material s. Alloys
6061 or 6063 of appropriate
temper
(as defined by ADM 1 -
2005) shall be used.
Other aluminum alloys may be used subject to the
requirements
of ADM 1 -
2005.
4.3.2.3 Welding. Welding for aluminum ladders
shall conform to all applicable requirements
of
ADM
1-2005.
4.3.3 Wood
4.3.3.1
Wood ladders shall be designed and fabricated
in accordance with applicable requirements
of
ANSI
A 14.1-2007, with the following additional restrictions:
a: Only single ladders as prescribed in ANSI A 14.1-
2007 shall be used as tixed wood ladders.
... ._ ..... _....... . .

15. b. The design loads shall be as specifi ed in 4.2.
c.
The
minimum clear width between side rails at
any point shall not be less that 16 inches, and side
rails shall
be parallel at all points.
d. Fastenings meeting the design load requirements
shall
be used for the permanent attachment of
wood ladders to structures, building, or equipment.
4.3.3.2 Wood plat forms shall be designed in accor­
dance with the allowable stresses and fabricati on
practices of National Design Specifications for
Wood Construction.
4.3.4 Other Materials. Materials other than steel, com­
posites (materials that perform as well as, or better than,
the specific materials listed),
aluminum, and wood may
be used provided
6
the design, fabrication, and erection
a
re in accordance with recognized design practice and
meet live loads requirements as specified in 4.2.
4.4 Design Supervision. The design of fixed ladder
systems shall be under the general supervision of a
qualified r
egistered (licensed) structural or professional
engin
eer or architect.
4.4.1 Markings. All newly installed fixed ladders shall
be stamped, mark ed or welded wi th the manufacturer
name
and address, and the date when the fixed ladder
was installed
on the ins ide of the bottom of the siderail
with a permanent legible marking that will
stand up to
environmental conditions.
5. Design
Details for
Fixed Ladders
5. 1 Steps and Rungs
5.1.1 Vertical Spacings: The vertical spacing of the first
rung
of climb shall be permitted to be adjusted within
the
range of 14 inches (from gr ound level, floor or roof)
at the access level. All vertical spacing of the rungs fr om
the center of f1rst rung throughout tbe length of climb
sha
ll be 12 inches and uniform in the same length of
climb
(See Fig. 6).
5.1.2 Width. The minimum inside clear width of step
surface for steps and rungs shall
be 16 inches, and this
width shall be uniform in
the same length of climb
(See Fig. 6).
5.1.3 Minimum Size of Steps and Rungs
5.1.3.1 General. The following are general requirements
for
the minimum size of steps and rungs:
• Avnilnble fr om ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103
American National Standard A 14.3-2008
a. The minimum size (cross section) requirements
of steps and rungs specified in 5.1.3 are based on
section properties adequate to support the design
l
oads specified in 4.2 and on the minimum clear
width specified in 5. 1.2.
b. For additional l oad concentrations or attachment
of ladder safety systems, and for clear widths
exceeding
16 inches, the minimum size (cross
section)
of steps and rungs shall be increased in
accordance with recognized design practice.
c. In no case shall the minimum size (cross section)
of steps and rungs be less th an
* inch, as specified
in 5.1.3.2 (a), regardl
ess of the material used.
d.
The size (cross section) of steps and rungs shall be
uniform in the san1e length of climb.
e.
Steps and rungs shall be parallel and level.
5.1.3.2 Steel Ladders. The minimum sizes (cross
sections)
of steps and rungs fabricated of steel conforming to ASTM A36/A36M-2005 shall be
as follows:
a.
For ladders subject to normal atmospheric
exposures,
%-inch-diameter solid bar, or the
equivalent in
strength for sq uare, rectangular,
or other solid shapes is r equired.
b. For ladders subject to unusually corrosive
atmospheric exposures,
l-inch-diameter solid
bar, or the
equivalent in strength for square,
rectangular, or other solid shapes, is required.
5.1.3.3 Aluminum Ladders. The minimum size of
aluminum structural components shall be determined
in accordance with the provisions
of ADM 1 -
2005.
In cases where the ladders are subjected to corrosive
atmospheric exposure
or placed in contact with
dissimilar materials,
the aluminum shall be treated in
accordance with the requ irements of ADM 1 -2005.
5.1.3.4 Ladders of Other Metals. The minimum
cross section as specified in 5.1.3.2 may be modified
(subject to the requirement
of 5.1.3.1 (c)) by a factor
that shall be the ratio of the allowable unit s tress for
steel conforming to
ASTM A36/A36M- 2005 to the
allowable unit stress
for the type and shape of the
other metal(s) used.
5.1.3.5
Wood Ladders. The minimum cross section of
wooden steps and rungs shall be as specified in ANSI
Al4.1-2007.
5.1.4 Rung Ends
5.1.4.1 Step-a nd Rung-T)• pe Ladders. Step-and rung­
type ladders
of steel,
aluminum, and other metals
shall have each step
or rung end securely fastened to
the
side rails so as to fully develop the strength of the
5

16. b. The design loads shall be as specifi ed in 4.2.
c.
The
minimum clear width between side rails at
any point shall not be less that 16 inches, and side
rails shall
be parallel at all points.
d. Fastenings meeting the design load requirements
shall
be used for the permanent attachment of
wood ladders to structures, building, or equipment.
4.3.3.2 Wood plat forms shall be designed in accor­
dance with the allowable stresses and fabricati on
practices of National Design Specifications for
Wood Construction.
4.3.4 Other Materials. Materials other than steel, com­
posites (materials that perform as well as, or better than,
the specific materials listed),
aluminum, and wood may
be used provided
6
the design, fabrication, and erection
a
re in accordance with recognized design practice and
meet live loads requirements as specified in 4.2.
4.4 Design Supervision. The design of fixed ladder
systems shall be under the general supervision of a
qualified r
egistered (licensed) structural or professional
engin
eer or architect.
4.4.1 Markings. All newly installed fixed ladders shall
be stamped, mark ed or welded wi th the manufacturer
name
and address, and the date when the fixed ladder
was installed
on the ins ide of the bottom of the siderail
with a permanent legible marking that will
stand up to
environmental conditions.
5. Design
Details for
Fixed Ladders
5. 1 Steps and Rungs
5.1.1 Vertical Spacings: The vertical spacing of the first
rung
of climb shall be permitted to be adjusted within
the
range of 14 inches (from gr ound level, floor or roof)
at the access level. All vertical spacing of the rungs fr om
the center of f1rst rung throughout tbe length of climb
sha
ll be 12 inches and uniform in the same length of
climb
(See Fig. 6).
5.1.2 Width. The minimum inside clear width of step
surface for steps and rungs shall
be 16 inches, and this
width shall be uniform in
the same length of climb
(See Fig. 6).
5.1.3 Minimum Size of Steps and Rungs
5.1.3.1 General. The following are general requirements
for
the minimum size of steps and rungs:
• Avnilnble fr om ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103
American National Standard A 14.3-2008
a. The minimum size (cross section) requirements
of steps and rungs specified in 5.1.3 are based on
section properties adequate to support the design
l
oads specified in 4.2 and on the minimum clear
width specified in 5. 1.2.
b. For additional l oad concentrations or attachment
of ladder safety systems, and for clear widths
exceeding
16 inches, the minimum size (cross
section)
of steps and rungs shall be increased in
accordance with recognized design practice.
c. In no case shall the minimum size (cross section)
of steps and rungs be less th an
* inch, as specified
in 5.1.3.2 (a), regardl
ess of the material used.
d.
The size (cross section) of steps and rungs shall be
uniform in the san1e length of climb.
e.
Steps and rungs shall be parallel and level.
5.1.3.2 Steel Ladders. The minimum sizes (cross
sections)
of steps and rungs fabricated of steel conforming to ASTM A36/A36M-2005 shall be
as follows:
a.
For ladders subject to normal atmospheric
exposures,
%-inch-diameter solid bar, or the
equivalent in
strength for sq uare, rectangular,
or other solid shapes is r equired.
b. For ladders subject to unusually corrosive
atmospheric exposures,
l-inch-diameter solid
bar, or the
equivalent in strength for square,
rectangular, or other solid shapes, is required.
5.1.3.3 Aluminum Ladders. The minimum size of
aluminum structural components shall be determined
in accordance with the provisions
of ADM 1 -
2005.
In cases where the ladders are subjected to corrosive
atmospheric exposure
or placed in contact with
dissimilar materials,
the aluminum shall be treated in
accordance with the requ irements of ADM 1 -2005.
5.1.3.4 Ladders of Other Metals. The minimum
cross section as specified in 5.1.3.2 may be modified
(subject to the requirement
of 5.1.3.1 (c)) by a factor
that shall be the ratio of the allowable unit s tress for
steel conforming to
ASTM A36/A36M- 2005 to the
allowable unit stress
for the type and shape of the
other metal(s) used.
5.1.3.5
Wood Ladders. The minimum cross section of
wooden steps and rungs shall be as specified in ANSI
Al4.1-2007.
5.1.4 Rung Ends
5.1.4.1 Step-a nd Rung-T)• pe Ladders. Step-and rung­
type ladders
of steel,
aluminum, and other metals
shall have each step
or rung end securely fastened to
the
side rails so as to fully develop the strength of the
5

17. American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
step or rung, and so as to securely lock each step
or rung to the side rails. The connection of the rungs
to the side rails shall be designed to develop the full
strength
of both the rung and the side rails. For welded
connections, where the rungs do not penetrate the
side rail, the recommended approach is to have the
connection have a full fillet weld around the entire
circumference, welded
in accordance with the
requirements of applicable American Welding
Society
standards of practice (See Fig. 7).
5.1.4.2 Individual Rung Ladders
5.1.4.2.1 Rung Attached
to Metals. The ends of each
rung shall have the proper configuration and sufficient
means of attachment to the supporting structure to
fully develop the design loads imposed on the rung.
5.1.4.2.2 Rungs Embedded in Concrete or Masonry.
The ends of each rung shall have proper configuration
and sufficie nt embedment in the supporting wall to
fully develop the d esign loads imposed on the rung
(See Fig. 8).
5.1.4.3 Wood Ladders. Rung ends shall be in accor­
dance with the requirements of ANSI A 14.1 -2007.
5.2 Side Rails
5.2.1 Shape
5. 2.1.1 Various shapes may be used that provides for
a uniform gripping surface for the hands of persons
using the ladder, as long as
the shape provides a
power grip throughout the l ength of climb. Irregular
shapes that do not provide f or uniform power
gripping shall not be used. (e.g. angle iron, !-beams
configurations, etc.)
5.2.1.2 The same shape of side rails shall be maintained
for
all ladders in the same length of climb.
5.2.2 Minimum Size
6
5.2.2.1 General. The following are general requirements
for
the minimum size of side rails:
a.
The minimum size (cross section) of side rails
recommended in 5.2.2
is based on section properties
adequate to support the design loads specified in
4.2 and on the maximum spacing of supports
specified in 5.2.4. Variations in size (cross section)
shall
be permitted provided the section properties
are adequate to support the design loads and are
consistent with the maximum spacing of supports.
b.
For additional load conce ntrations or attachment of
ladder safety systems, and for spacing of supports
that exceeds the maximum spacing recommended,
Lht maximum size of side rails shall be increased
in accordance with
recognized design practice.
.
··~ l"-· ~ ~-·~··--
-~. '"If ~
c. The same size (cross section) side rails shall be
maintained for all ladders in the same length
of climb.
5.2.2.2 Steel Ladders. The recommended minimum
sizes (cross section) of side rails fabricated of steel
conforming
to
ASTM A36/A36M-2005 are as follows:
a.
For ladders subject to normal atmospheric
exposures, flat
solid bar stock, 2-l/2 inches wide
by 3/8-inch thick, or the equivalent in strength in
solid shapes, is required.
b.
For ladders subject to unusual atmospheric
exposures, flat solid
bar stock,
2-112 inches wide
by 1/2-inch thick, or the equival ent in strength in
solid shapes,
is required.
5.2.2.3 Aluminum Ladders. The minimum si ze of
aluminum structural components shall be determined
in
accordance with the provisions of ADM 1
-2005.
In cases where the ladders are subjected to corrosive
atmosp
heric exposure or placed in contact with
dissimilar materials,
the aluminum shall be treated in
accordance w
ith requirements of ADM 1 -
2005.
5.2.2.4 Wood Ladders. The minimum size of side
rails for wood ladders shall be as required in ANSI
A14.1-2007.
5.2.2.5 Ladders of Other Materials. The minimum
size recommended for steel may be modified by a
factor
that shall be the ratio of the allowable unit
stress conforming
to
ASTM A36/A36M-2005 to the
allowable units stress
for the type and shape of other
metal(s) used.
5.2.3
Splices
5. 2.3.1 AJI splices shall be designed to ensure full
structural continuity of the side rails. Splices shall
be made at intermediate supports only if the type of
material used requires that location.
5.2.3.2 Provisions for expansion due to thermal
changes shall
be made at splices if these provisions
are required to prevent buckling or
buildup of stresses
in the side rails.
5.2.4 Maximum Spacing of Supports
5.2.4.1
Steel Ladders. The spacing of supports for
faste
ning the side rails to the structure, building, or
equipment shall be
10 feet 0 inches for the size of side
rails r
ecommended in 5.2. 2, and for the clear width
of steps or rungs specified in 5.1.2. For additional
design
loads or attachment of ladder safety system s,
or for variations in size (cross section) of side rails,
the s
pacing of supports shall be adjusted in accordance
with recognized design practice
(see, e.g., Fig.
G
and 16).

18. 5.2.4.2 Ladders Constructed of Aluminum, Wood, and
Other Materials. The maximum spacing of supports
for fastening the s
ide rails to the structure, building, or
equipment shall
be as required to adequately support
the loads, subject to the same requirements specified
for
steel in 5.2.4.1.
5.3 Termination at the Top of the
Ladder
5.3.1 Top
Step or Rung. The top of a step or rung of a
ladder shall
be level with the top of the access/egress
level
or landing platform serv ed by the ladder
(See Fig. 9,
10, 11), except as required by 5.3.4.2 or as permitted in
6.2.1.2.
5.3.2 Extensions for
Side-Rail Ladders.
5.3.2.1 The side rails of through or side-step ladd ers
shall extend 3 feet 6 inch es above the top of the
access/egress level or landing platform serv ed by
the ladder (See Fig.
9,
10, 11). For a parapet ladder,
the access/egress level
shall be the roof if the parapet
is cut to permit passage through
the parapet; if the
parapet is continuous, the access/egress level shall
be
the top of the parapet
(See Fig. 10).
5.3.2.2 For through ladder extensions, the steps or
rungs
shall be omitted from the extension and the
extension
of the side rails shall be flared to provide
not less than 24 inches, or more than
30 inches,
clearance betw
een side rails
(See Fig. 9).
5.3.2.3 For side-step ladders, the side rails and the
steps or rungs shall be continuous in the extension
(See Fig. 6).
5.3.3 Extensions for Individual Rung Ladders
5.3.3.1
Individual rung ladders, except those intended
for manholes
(See Fig. 12) and t~1ntinations with
hatches (s
ee 5.3.4), shall be extended above the
access/egress l evel or landing platform either by the
continuation
of the rung spacings as horizontal grab
bars or by providing vertical grab bars that shall h ave
the same lateral spacing as the vertical legs of the
rungs
(See Fig. 11).
5.3.3.2 Grab bars shall extend at least 3 feet 6 inches
above
the access/egress level or landing platform served by the ladder.
5.3.3.3 The minimum size (cross section) of the grab
bars shall be the same as for ladder rungs (see 5.1.3).
5.3.4 Terminations with Hatches
5.3.4.1
Hatches shall meet the minimum inside clear­
ances
specified for wells in 6.2.2. In the case of the
unusual hatch conditions, the clearance on the climbing
side may be reduced to 24 inches from the centerline
..
----~
American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
of the steps or rungs if the underside of the hatch
opening is fitted with a deflector plate (See Fig. 13).
5.3.4.2 Counterbalanced hatch covers shall open at
least 70 degrees from t he horizontal. The springs or
other counterbalance mechanisms for the hatch may
project into the hatch opening provided they do not
reduce
the clear width of access/egress to less than
24 inches. The top rung of the ladder may also be
located below the top of the hatch to provide required
clearance f
or the hatch cover
(See Fig. 14).
5.3.4.3 Hatch openin gs shall be provided with a
means to facilitate access and
exit from a fixed ladder
(i.e. Grab
Bars or other such items that can be
grasped by the climber).
5.4
Clearances
5.4.1 Climbing Side o.f Ladders
5.4.1. 1
Ladders without cages or wells shall have a
minimum
perpendicular distance of
30 inches from
the centerline of
the steps and rungs to the nearest
permanent object
on the climbing side (See Fig. 15).
5.4.1.2 Ladders with cages or wells shall have
clearances as specified in
Section 6.
5.4.1.3 When unavoidable obstructions are encountered,
the minimum clearance may be reduced to 24 inches
if reflector plates are provided (See Fig. 15).
5.4.2 Back Side of Ladders
5.4.2.1 The perpendicular distance from the centerline
of the steps and rungs, or grab bars, or both, to the
nearest permanent object in back of the ladder shall be
not less than 7 inches (See Fig. 9, 10, 11).
5.4.2.2 For a through ladder, the step-across distance
from the centerline
of the steps or rungs to the nearest
edge
of the structure, building, or equipment shall not
be less than 7 inches or more than 12 inches, a landing
platform shaiJ
be provided to reduce the distance to
between 7 and 12 inches
(See Fig. 16).
5.4.3 Width or Side Clearances
5.4.3.1
Ladders without cages or wells shall have a
minimum
clear width to the nearest permanent object
of at least 15 inches on each side of the centerline of
the ladder
(See Fig. 6).
5.4.3.2 Side-step ladders at the point of access/egress
to a platform shall have a step-across distan ce of 15
inches minimum and 20 inches maximum from the
centerline
of the ladder
(See Fig. 6).
5.4.3.3 Ladders with a cage or well shall have clear­
ances
as specified in
Section 6.
7

19. American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
5.5 Grounding.
Lightning protection, bond ing and grounding of m etal
ladders and att
achments shall be in accordance wi th
ANSI!NFPA
780 -2008.
5.6 Corrosion Resistance.
5.6.1 All fixed lad ders shall be designed to minimize the
accumulation
of moisture to help reduce corrosion on
metal ladders or
rot of wood ladders.
5.6.2 Fixed lad ders made f rom materials not inh erently
corrosion resistant to the env ironment in which they will
be used or exposed, shall not be construct ed from tubular
sh
apes or any other shapes that are not easily inspected
for structural degradation or for deterioration of any
corrosi on resistant coating that may have been used.
6. Design
Details for Cages,
Wells, and Platforms
6.1 Cages
6.1.1 General Design
6. 1.1. 1 The general construction of cages shall con­
sist of horizontal bands or supports and vertical bars.
An example of cage construction is sh own in Fig. 17
and 18, but
equivalent construction may be used.
6.1.1.2 Horizontal bands shall be fastened to the
side
rails of rail ladders, or directly to the structure,
build
ing, or equipment for individual rung ladders.
6.1.1.3 Vertical bars shall be on the inside of the
horizontal bands and sha ll be fastened to them.
6.1. 1.4 Cages shall be designed to support the live
loads and dead loads specified for ladders in 4.2.1
and 4.2.3.
6.1.2 Ca ge Size
8
6.1.2.1 Cages shall extend neither l ess than 27 inches,
n
or more than
30 inches from the centerline of the
step or rung (excluding t11e flare at the bottom of the
cage),
and
shall not be less than 27 inches in width.
The inside of the cage shall be clear of projections.
6.1.2.2 Horizontal bands shall be spaced not more than
4 feet
on center vertically for the size and spacing of
vertical bars recommended in the example
(See Fig. 17
and 18). For variations in size (cross sec tion) and spacing
of vertical bars, the maximum spacing of horizontal
bands shall be in accordance with recogni zed
design practice.
6.1.2.3 Vertical bars shall be spaced at intervals not more
than 40 degrees on center around the circumference
of the cage. This will give a maximum sp acing, center
to
center, approximately
9-112 inches (See Fig. 18).
6.1. 2.4 The bottom of the cage shall be at a level
neither less than 7 feet nor more than 8 feet above
the point of access/egress to the bottom of the ladder.
The bottom of the cage shaH be flared not less than
4 inch
es all around within the distance between the
bottom horizontal band and the next higher band (See Fig. 17).
Where practical difficulti es are encountered, cages
may start at 10 feet above the point of access/egress.
6.1.2.5 The top of the cage shall be a minimum of
3 feet 6 inches above the top of the platform, or the
point
of access/egress at the top of the ladder, will
have
provision for access/egress to the platform or
point of access/egress
(See Fig. 17).
6.1. 2. 6 Any portion of the cage above the platform or
above the point of access/egress that cannot be fastened
to
the side rail shall be fastened to the guardrail or
directly to the structure, building, or equipment.
6.1.3 Ladders with cages having pl atform depth less
than 4 feet
from the center line of the
rung, shall provide
additional
guarding (i.e. adding an extention to the guard
rail to preve
nt fall exposure to the climber).
6.2
Wells
6.2.1 G eneral Construction
6.2.1.1 Wells shall consist of a wall or walls, or
equival
ent construction, completely encircling the
ladder. The in side of the well shall be clear of
projections
(See Fig. 12).
6.2.1.2 The top rung or step of the ladder shall
meet the requirements specified in 5.3.1, except that
individual rung ladders may have the top step or rung
located not more than 6 inches below the top of the
well or access/egress point.
6.2.1.3 The top of the well shall have railings and
toe board in
accordance with
ANSI A I 264.1 -2007,
and arranged as to provide safe access/egress for
the well.
6.2.2 Well Size
6.2.2. 1 The inside face of the well on the climbing
side of the ladder shaJI extend not less than 27 inches
or more than 30 inches from the centerl ine of the step
or rung. The inside clear width of the well shall be a
nominal 30 inches for rectangul ar wells (See Fig. 12).
6.2.2.2 The bottom of the wall on the access side
shall start at a level not less than 7 feet or more than
8 feet above the
point of access to the bottom of the
ladder
(See Fig. 12).
•
•
' •
•
•
•
41
t
•
41
41
i
•
•
fi
•
4i
•
•
•
4
•
•
t1
• I
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

20. 6.3 Platforms
6.3.1 General Constmction
6.3.1.1 Platforms shall consist of a horizontal area on
which a person may step while climbing a ladder,
either for r
est purposes or for access to another section
of the ladder.
6.3.1.2 All platforms sha ll be provided with railing and
t
oeboards, in accordance with
ANSI Al264.1-2007.
6.3.2 Platform Size. The total depth of the platfo rm shall
provide a minimum space of 30 inches from the center­
line of the ladder on the climbing side. The width of the
platform shall
be not less than
30 inches.
6.3.3 Ladder Access Protective Swing Gates shall be
installed at each l adder opening on elevated platforms to
provide fall pr otection on new fixed ladder installations.
The ladder access swing gate shall be a hinged gate or
equivalent that IS self-closing and does not restrict the
ladder access width clearances for
entry and
exit. The
ladder access swing gate construction shall be capable of
withstanding the guardrail strength test requirements
(See Fig. 5).
7. Ladder Safety System
7. 1 General Design
7.1.1 All components of ladder safety systems shall meet
the design requirements
of section 7.
7.1.2 The ladder safety sys tem shall allow at least two
persons, but not more than four, averaging 250 pounds
each (including equipment), to ascend or descend
simultaneously; however, only one person at a time
(except in rescue operations) shall use the same portion
of carrier between
mtermed1ate mountings
for rigid
carriers or cable guides for flexible carriers.
7.1.3 The ladder safety system shall be designed to
absorb the impact of a solid object weighing at least
500 pounds in a free fall of 18 inches. When tested in
accordan
ce with 7.5.2 the l adder safety system shall
arrest and suspend (post fall) the t
est weight without
failure. The test weight must not strike the ground.
This
test shall be conducted (or repeated using a new system)
such that
each critical area of the system is evaluated,
for
example splice joints in rigid carrier sections. Note:
for systems covered
by 7 .3, the weight may not be
arrested by the sleeve reaching an intermediate or bottom
e
nd-stop of the system but rather by the sleeve stopping
along the carrier.
7.1.4 Design and installation of mountings shall not
reduce the strength of the fixed ladder.
~ ~~-·~~.-- - I
*~ ~ :.::.. ~~'-· ~'
American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
7.1.5 Designed static load: the system shaH be capable
of sustaining a minimum static load of 1000 pounds
applied to the sleeve in the direction of a fall when tested
in accordance
with 7.5.3.
7.1.6 Indivi duals using ladder safety systems shall be
protected from fall hazards during the process of con­
necting and disconnecting (transitioning) from
the ladder
safety systems. This can be accomplished by design of
the transition areas, by use of passive or active fall
protecti
on systems o r, by other equivalent means. If an
active fall protection system is us ed, a suitable anchorage
point for connection of the faJI protection system must
be provided.
7.2 Safety Factors
7.2.1 The factor of safety shall be based on the ultimate
stress
of the material and comply with the following:
7.2.1.1 Flexible components such as webbing and
fabric sha ll have a safety factor of not less than 5 for
the designed static l
oad.
7.2.1.2 Flexible carriers shaH have a safety factor of
not less than
10 times designed static load.
7.2.1.3 Ductile material shall have a safety factor of
not less than 5 times the designed static l oad.
7.3 ladder Safety Systems Consisting
of a Carrier, Safety Sleeve, and Full
Body Harness
7.3.1 The safety sleeve shall be of a ty pe which can be
operated entirely by the person using the ladder safety
system. lt shall
permit the person using the ladder safety
system to ascend
or descend without h aving to continually
manipulate the safety sleeve.
7.3.2 The ladder safety sy stem shall be tested in accor­
dance with 7.5.4.
The maximum length of movement
of
the saf ety sleeve, in an accidental fall, shall not be more
than 6 inches.
7.3.3 The maximum length of the connection between
the centerline of the carrier and the point of attachment
to the full body harness shall not exceed 9 inches
(See Fig. 20).
7.3.4 Mountings for rigid carriers shall be anached at
each end of the can·ier with intermediate mountings
spaced along the entire length
of the carrier in accor­
dance with the m
anufacturer's recorrunendations.
lntetmediate mountings sha
ll be installed within 1 foot
below each
splice on the carrier, and not less than one
every 25
feet
7.3.5 Mountings for flexible carriers shall be attached at
each end of the carrier in accordance with the manufac­
turer's recommendations. Cable guides utilized with a
9

21. American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
flexible carrier shall be installed at a minimum spacing
of 25 feet and a maximum spacing of 40 feet along the
entire length
of the carrier.
7.3.6 Connectors used with the ladder safety system
shall be self-closing and self-locking and shall meet the
r
equirements of ANSI Z359.1
-2007.
7.3.7 Full body harnesses used with the ladder safety
systems shaU have at least one frontal attachment element
intended for
connection to the safety sleeve and when
worn by the user, shall be located or be positioned above
the
user's center of gravity. The harness shall meet the
requirements of ANSI Z359.1
-2007.
7.3.8 Required markings shall be in English and their
attachment shall endure for the life of the component or
system of the ladder safety devices. The safety s leeve
shall
be marked with the part number and model desig­
nation,
year of manufacture, manufa cturer's name or
logo, standard number (A14.3-
2008), warning to follow
manufacturer's instructions included with the equipment
at time of shipment from the manufacturer, proper size
and type(s) of carrier(s) intended to be used with the
safety sleeve, warnings against using incompatible carriers,
warning
not to exceed 9 inch connection distance limit
between carrier
and harness connection element and,
indi
cate the direction of use of the safety sleeve on the
carrier. The ladder safety system shall be marked with
year of installation, manufacturer's name or logo, standard
number (A14.3-
2008), warning to follow manufacturer's
instructions included with the
equipment at time of ship­
ment
from the manufacturer, maximum number of users
allowed on the system, warnings against unauthorized
alteration
of substitution of system elements and compo­
nents, warnings against use
of system with incompatible
safety
sleeve and, inspection requirements.
7.4 Ladder Safety Systems of
Other Designs
Ladder safety systems utili zing other designs shall meet
the design requirements of this standard, includ ing the
requirements of7.1 and 7.2.
7.5 Ladder Safety System Test Methods
7.5.1 Test Equipment
10
a. Test Lanyard: The test lanyard used in performing
the dynamic strength test shall be fabricated from
Type 302 stainless steel, 7 x 19 strand 3/8 inch
diameter aircraft cable.
The lanyard shall be tenui­
nating at each end by forming a flemish eye over a
thimble
and suitable connector secured with swaged
fitting. When measured und
er a tension of
10
pounds, the test lanyard shall be 4 feet in length
bearing point
to bearing point between connectors.
b. Test Ladder: The test ladder shall be fabricated
using steel
and be constructed in accordance with
the requirement of this standard and installed to a
rigid structure.
c. Test Weight: The
500 pound test weight shall be a
compact shape rigidly constructed of steel w ith
means for connection of the test lanyard.
d. Test Torso: The test torso shall be in accordance
with ANSI Z359 .1 -2007 Test Torso.
e.
Quick Release Mechani sm: The test weight or test
torso, whichever is applicable, shall be released by
a remotely operated quick release which shall
release
the test weight or torso w ithout imparting
any motion to
it.
7.5.2 Dyllamic Strength Test
Install the ladder safety system onto the test ladder, as it
would be in service. Position the safety sleeve on the
carrier sufficiently above ground level. Connect one end
of the test lanyard to the safety sleeve at the point that is
norn1ally connected to the harness. Connect the second
end
of the test lanyard to the rigid
500 pound test weight.
Using the quick release mechanism lower the test weight
until the lanyard is
just taught then raise the weight
18 inches. Release the
test weight fr om a point within
12 inches h
orizontally from the centerline of the carrier.
Evaluate the system in accordance with 7.1.3 (See Fig.
21).
7.5.3
Static Strength Test
Install the ladder safety system onto the test ladder, as it
would be in service. Position the safety sleeve on the
carrier a convenient height above ground level. Apply a
static load of 1000 pounds to the sleeve in the downward
direction. Maintain the
load for a period of 5 minutes.
Evaluate the system
in accordance with 7 .1.5. Note: a
clamp or stop may be positioned below the sle eve to
prevent sliding down the carrier, it should not reduce the
load exerted on the ladder safety system.
7.5.4
Dynamic Performance Test
Install the ladder safety system onto the test ladder, as it
would
be in service. Position the safety sleeve on the carrier
at lea
st 6 feet above ground level. Fit the harness to the test
torso and adjust snugly
as though the torso were a person.
Connect the safety sleeve to the harnes
s, as it would be in
normal use.
Using the quick release mechanism raise the
torso to a position that will create the greatest free fall and
mark the position
of the sleeve on the carrier. Release the test
'The conunittee concludes that outward (backward) fall risk potential is
critical. However no scientific determination on this issue is currently
available
at the time of this standard revisi on. The committee will
mo.nit
or this issue and provide an addendum to tbe revision once
necessary test data becomes available. A committee will be appointed
to draft appropriate language for the new section
once received.

22. weighL Evaluate the system in accordance with 7.3.2. This
test applies
to vertical direction falls only. The current t est
does
Naf cover outward (backward) falls. See footnote 7.
7
8. Protective Finishes
8. 1 Metal Ladders
8.1.1If carbon-steel rail ladders and carbon-steel indi­
vidual rung ladders attached
to metal are exposed to the
el
ements, to minimize corrosion they shall receive a
prime coat
of paint and one (or more) field finish coat(s)
of paint; or shall be hot-dip galvanized; or shall receive
equivalent methods
of metal protection.
8.1.2 Carbon-steel individual rung la dders embedded in
masonry
or concrete shall be hot-dip galvanized as pro­
tection against corrosion
at the critical points where the
rung metals enters the masonry
or concrete. Equivalent
protective methods may also be u
sed.
8.1.3 For all carbon-steel ladders exposed to continuous­
ly moist conditions, hot-dip galvanizing is recommended
as protection
except where t he moisture condition is also
corrosive to galvanizing, in which case special coatings
shall be provided or a non-corrosive metal used.
8.1.4 The
expose,! portions of ladders of aluminum or
other non-coJToSi'-e metals do not require painting,
except that thosl' rortions of the ladders in contact with
dissimil
ar
metal-; .,r embedded in masonry or concrete
shall be painted
(lr otherwise protected in accordan ce
with recognized
lllaintenance practice.
8.2 Wood Ladders.
Wood ladders shall normally be treated with a nonirritating
preservative suitable for the service. Wood ladders may
be coated with a preservative treatme
nt, in accordance
wi
th the requirements of 9.3.8.
8.3
Combined Materials.
When different types of materials are used in the
construction
of fixed ladders, the materials used shall
be treated at their interfaces with suitable protective
materials.
as necessary. to prevent any deleterious effects
of one material on the other.
9. Use, Maintenance and
Inspection of Ladders
9.1 General
9.1.1 The guidelines discussed in this section do not
constitute every proper
or improper procedure for the
maintenan
ce and use of ladders.
American National Standard A
14.3-2008
9.1.2 Proper use of the fixed ladder sys tem wiU con­
tribute signifi
cantly to safety. H aste, sudden movements,
lack
of attention during use, ladder condition (worn or
damaged) and physical condition
contribute to falls. The
footwear employed by the u ser may also contribute to
falls. Improper climbing posture creating user clumsine ss
on the ladder may also cause fa lls.
9.1.3 The safe useful life of the fixed ladder system is
dependent on its proper in-service
maintenance. While
ladders are
designed for extended service, it is necessary
to provide periodic in-service maintenance
to ensure
their continued
safe use. Ladders are neither designed
nor intended
to possess an infinite safe useful life.
9.1.4 Ladders shall be routinely inspected to ensure they
meet the criteria set forth in this standard.
9.1.5 Where ladder safety systems are used on a ladder,
training in the usag
es shall be provided to the user.
9.2 Use
9.2.1 When ascendin g/descending a ladder, the u ser shall
face the ladder and maintain a three-point contact
at all
times. Three-point
contact consists of two feet and one
hand or
two hands and one foot which is safely supporting
users weight when ascending/descending a ladder.
9.2.2 The user shall not carry t ools or equipment while
ascending/descending a ladder. Both hands and arms sha
ll
remain free for climbing. Hand tools shall be
carried in a
pouch holster
or otherwise secured, to help avoid creating
a hazard. Alternative methods, oth
er than being carried
by the ladder user, shall be implemented to handle
materials/supplies.
9.2.3 The user shall never jump or slide down from a
ladder
or climb more than one rung/step at one time.
9.2.4 The user shall wear footw ear with heels when
climbing a ladder and avoid using flat-soled shoes.
9.2.5
User shall avoid using greasy or slippery hands
or gloves and/or footwear while ascending/descending
a ladder.
9.2.6 Ladders shall be kept free from oil, grease, or
slippery materials on platforms, rungs and gripping
surfaces. Footwear should
be kept clean.
9.2.7
User shall avoid ascending/descending a ladder
during high winds, storms,
or when ice/frost or snow
covers the ladder.
9.2.8
Users who tire easily, who have physical limitations
which prevent a person from safely climbing a ladder
such as fainting, and/or und
er medication or prescription
drugs, which may
cause physical impairn1ent, shall n ot
be permitted to use fixed ladders.
11

23. American National Standard A 14.3-2008
9.3 Maintenance
9.3.1 All fixed ladders and the ladder safety systems
shall
be maintained in a safe condition. Inspections for
rust, corrosion, and deterioration shall
be made at least
annually, with more frequent inspections to be
made as
determined by u ser and exp osure. Ladder inspections
shall include ins
pecting all the major ladd er components
such
as rungs, side rails, supports, fasteners/anchors,
ladder safety system, backside obstruction
s/clearances,
front side clearances/obstructions,
hatches, hatch es
opening arms, grab bars or rails, platforms and side rail
extension anchors.
9.3.2 All bolts and welds shall be in place and secure
before a l
adder is used, and no ladder shall be u sed if
any fastenings or welds are missing, or if the joints
between the rungs and the si
de rails are not tight.
9.3.3 Where structural damage or defects make a ladder
hazardous, the l
adder shall be taken out of service and
e
ither repaired by a competent individual or blocked,
fenced,
or removed so that it cannot be used.
9.3.4 When repairs are made to fixed ladder system s, the
materials used should be
at least the equivalent of the
original
construction.
9.3.5 Records should be maintained of annual or r egu­
larly schedul
ed inspections and maintenan ce of fixed
ladder systems.
9.3.6 If grounding protection has been provided for the
ladder, the ground connecti
on (or connect ions) to
the
ladder shall be inspected for continuity at least annually.
12
. '
~.... ' .
9.3.7 If a ladder safety system is provided, it s hall be
inspected and tested in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.
9.3.8 Ladders of wood or wood components may be coated
with a nonconductive finish such as varnish, shellac,
or a
clear or tinted preservative. Ladders shall not be coated
with any opaque covering except for a mini
mum amount
n
eeded for identification or other markings, and then
only on
one face of the side rails.
9.3.9 All new fixed ladders, and its component systems,
shall have markings
as outlined in section 4.4.1 located
in a conspicuous place.
9.4. Ladder Security Systems
9.4.1 Ladder Security Systems may be u sed to prevent
unauthorized access to the fixed ladder. The ladder
s
ecurity system shall not interfere with the safe use of
the ladder
(See Fig. 22).
1 0. Revision of American
National Standards Referred
to in This Document
When the American National Standards referred to in this
document are supe
rseded by a revision approved by the
American National Standards Institute,
Inc., the revision
shall apply.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

24. American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
Figure 1
Pitch of Fixed Ladders
CLIMBING Sl OE OF THE
r-FIXED LADDER RANGE
gO• 75°
PREFERRED
• RANGE
fOR
· FIXED
I LADDERS
Figure 2
Length of Climb 24ft. or Less- Cage, Well, Or Ladder Safety Systems Not Required
-~ . ~ :-! ,._ :-: ... r ~ --.. ~:rot:.,. ..
3ft6 in MIN
ASCE NT
~-24ft OR LESS
GROUND LEVEL, FLOOR, OR ROOF
- , .. ,~~· -- ~<~ ·.:__ ----·
13

25. American National Standard A 14.3-2008
Figure 3
Length of Climb 24ft. Less wi th Elevated Access-Cage or Ladder Safety System Required
14
3ft6 in MIN
CAGE OR LADDER
SAFETY SYSTEM
24ft OR LESS
GREATER THAN 24ft.
GROUND LEVEL,
FLOOR, OR ROOF
Figure 4
Single Length of Climb Greater Than 24ft. Ladder Safety System Required
LADDER
-SAFETY
SYSTEM
~7ft MIN
i 8ft MAX
ASCENT
3ft. 6 in MIN
GREATER THAN 24ft
NOT TO EXCEED 50ft
GROUND LEVEL, FLOOR OR ROOF
t
•
•
' •
•
•
t
•
•
t
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

26. American National Standard A 14.3-2008
Figure 5
Total Lengths of Climb Greater Than 24 ft. -Platforms and or
Ladder Safety System Required
PLATFORM
OFFSET
CAGE OR
LADDER SAFETY
SYSTEM EACH
SECTION
ASCENT
24ft MAX
EACH SECTION
50ft MAX
24ft MAX
(a)
ROOF
CAGE. WELL. OR
LADDER SAFETY
SYSTEM EACH
SECTION
FLOOR
7ft MIN l
8ft MAX
DESCENT
Multiple Sections, 24 ft. Max Each Section When Cages or Wells Are Provided
24ft MAX
EACH
SECTION
50ft
MAX
24ft MAX
(A ladder safety system shall be provided where a single length of climb is greater than 24 feet)
15
- "" # - ~..... ..___ ----
. . ...... -~ . - .. --~ ~· ----"... . ~ .

27. American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
Figure 5 -Continued
Total Lengths of Climb Greater Than 24 ft. -Platforms and or Ladder Safety System Required
G:
~
~
~
~
~
~
G
16
B- ----.-- -----~
LADDER
SAFETY
sYSTEM
LADDER
SAFETY
SYSTEM -
150ft MAX
150ft MAX
Figure 6
Rest Platfonn
(b)
Continuous Length of Climb
150 ft. Max Between
Platforms When Ladder
Safety System is Provided
Support and Ladder Dimensions and Side Clearances
~
'
I!)
12 in CENTERS,
ALL RUNGS
I
ir
-16 in CLEAR WIDTI-i MIN
I
BETWEEN SlOE RAILS
.
10ft 0 in NOMINAL
I SPACING OF
!
SUPPORTS
I
(SEE 5.2.4)
!
15inlt5 in ~ MIN CLEARANCE
i
~
TO ANY PERMANENT
OBSTRUCTION
:1.
FOR LADDER
i ~ WITHOUT CAGE
v:/' ORWELL
-'\,-
p
SUPPORT SPACING. LADDER
DIMENSIONS AND SIDE CLEARANCES
15inMIN
20in MAX
12inMAX
SIDE CLEARANCES
FOR SIDE-STEP LADDERS
•
~
~
~
•
•
•
41
41
•
t
4
4
•
41
•
41
t
t
•
•
4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I
t
t
' •
•
•
~
•
•
•
•
41

28. 3/16
A
3/16
B
3/16
c
Figure 7
Rung Ends
.....
:~-.
American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
SHOWN FOR A36 STEEL
17

29. American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
18
Figure 8
Individual Rung Ladders -Suggested Design of Rungs
GRATING
PLATFORM
FASTENER
ct. RUNGS
i
I
GENERAL VIEW
7inMIN
CROSS SECTION
Figure 9
Termination at Floor or Platform
-~ :.+-WELD
OPOFRUNG
R.USH WITH TOP
OF FLOOR OR
PLATFORM
FLOOR OR
PLATFORM LINE
WELD
TYPICAL
WALL ANCHOR
STRAPS WITH
FASTENERS
t"· :.~.~--. ~-
~-+--- --" .. 4 ...
~-- -~ ·. :.,
,-FLOOR FASTENER ·/~ :~_:·
fLOOR OR ."• ~-.:
.---.,--~ ~"-:--:- P""'""'L..,.ATFO R M LINE__.__~ L......,_....., :o : .• .
.. ·:-!:··."' ~~~-: . ~ :'*!~ ·· ~ ·-·: ... ~::~~ --~ -
SIDEVIEV'i
TYPICAL
... _.;..- ..
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I
I
•
•
•

30. .. . ~·
. ·t·-
r
American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
ACCESS OVER
PARAPET
[
HORIZO
NTAL ~
GRAB BARS --t
3ft 6 in MIN
Figure 10
Terminations at Roof
3ft6in
MIN
I
TOP OF I
RUNG
FLUSH Q·+--........... ._...-~
WITH I
1-r->''++-rr-r+-r-r-. ROOF 1
~
TOP OF
RUNG
F
LUS
tit
WITH'•
STOP
FASTENER
ACCESSTHRU
PARAPET
ACCESS OVER
GRAVEL STOP
Figure 11
Grab Bars
2 VERTICAL GRAB
BARS SPACED
SAME WIDTH AS
VERTICAL LEGS
OF RUNGS
3ft. 6 in. MIN
A-------+.-4io44-FOR DIMENSIONS---1~ 1----- -'---'.V
SEE FIG. 12
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
19

31. American Notional Stondord A 14.3-2008
Figure 12
General Arrangements for Ladders in Wells
7 in MIN
RAIL LADDER
RAIL LADDER
12 in
CENTERS-- ~~~­
All RUNGS
(except for nrst rung) • '
RAil lADDER
20
4-in MIN,37-in MAX
INDIVIDUAL
RUNG LADDER
(a) Horizontal Sections
Rectangular .Walls
(b) Horizontal Sections
C
ircular Wells
WELL
DIAMETER-·-~ ---+- -_)
6inMAX
ACCESS OPENING
7 ftO in MIN
BftOinMAX
INDIVIDUAL
RUNG LADDER
(c) Vertical Sections
I 12 in
Tt ----Fn+--CENTERS
INDIVIDUAL
RUNG LADDER
ALL RUNGS
(except ror first rung)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
41
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
,.
,.
I.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I
I
•
•
•

32. American Notional Standard A 14.3- 2008
Figure 13
Deflector Plate for Hatch Opening with Re duced Clearance
0
I
--·-24 • in MIN -:1
REDUCED CLEARANCE
(SEE FIG.I5 FOR
NORMAL CLEARANCES )
1 inMIN
16
Figure 14
Counterbalanced Hatch Cover at Roof
70° MIN
WHEN OPEN
CLEARANCE AS
REQUIRED FOR
HATCH COVER
~ COVER
~~~~ ~~--------------~~~ ~~~
~~~·~----------~~~~
I
DEFLECT OR
PLATE
I HATCH WIDTH
~ 24 in MIN FROM
AUTOMATIC
HOLD·OPEN
FACE
-FACE OF
OPERATING AR MS
AND OPERATING
ARMS,
ONE EACH SIDE
21

33. American National Standard A 14.3-2008
22
Figure 15
Minimum Ladder Clearance
I FLOOR, PLATFORM, ROOF,
I OR OTHER OBSTRUCTIONS
I
t:.-
1
t---24 in MIN
I
I
b
I
I
1 ilMIN
16
~---32 in MIN ----tJ
l6---+---7 in TO ct. OF RUNGS
NORMAL CLEARANCE REDUCED CLEARANCE
DEFLECTOR PLATE FOR
HEAD HAZARDS
Figure 16
Through Ladder Clearance • Ladder Placed Far From Wall
-3ft 6 in
MIN
LANDING I
PLATFORM l I .
7 in MIN
12 in MAX
FROM It_ OF RUNGS
SUPPORTS TO
STRUCTURE
~-10ft 0
in MAX
I
~ 10 ff 0 in MAX
' (SEE 5.2.4)
T
•
•
•
•
•
I
•
• t
•
•
• 41
•
•
•
•
•
•
I
•
-•
•
I
t
I
•
•
•
t
•
•
••
~
~
41
•
•
•
4
t
•

34. American National Standard A 14.3-2008
Figure 17
Example of the General Construction of Cages
1'-0
(\JI'f)
·= ....---- ,.,~""'
<Dz
.::~
ti)lz4ZZ?.2ZZZJ J#=M=l
w
0::
)(
<(
....J
<{ u..
~
c:
-~ I
0 <:t
...
...... ..
<;t
N
31 in MIN
\35 in MAX
zX
-<l
::!E~
----r--eo
/,.
ACCESS THROUGH
LADDER
15 in MIN
20 in MAX --1
r-27 in MIN
30 in MAX
c
0
--•v
N
w -LJI--
Cl:
<(
...J
u..
·= I
<;t

~~~ ~~ 31 in MIN
.-.... 35 in MAX
--1'-Q)
ACCESS LATERALLY
FROM LADDER
/
* 24' without a ladder safety system
2 X~ -in HORIZON TAL BANOS
r!x
3
-in
2 16
v ERTICAL BAR/
r_ I I
....J 0
<(
0
0..
>-0
t:
(0
a:
w
0
0
<(
...J
0
'"
0
0
0
0
I I
"TTI
I I
I I
I I
II
lUI
IIQ-1
X
<(
:::!:
c::
0
--
<;t
II
~
X
<(
::!;
c
0
--
II
v
_j
TI
EXAMPLE OF CAGE
ELEVATION
23

35. American National Standard A 14.3-2008
Figure 18
Example of a Cage Plan
---+·~---·---1ft 2 in---~--1 ft 3 in RADIUS.--..
24
I
LADDER
SUPPORTS
--+--
2 X~-in HORIZONTAL
I BANOS-TYPICAL
I
I~ X
1
~-in VERTICAL
a·ARS-TYPICAL
I
I
I
•
•
•
•
•
' •
' •
•
til
fl
•
' •
•
' •
•
I
•
t
•
•
II
•
•
•
'='
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
I!
•
•
•

36. .-
'I§.
American National Standard A 14.3-2008
Figure 19
Display of Power Grip
Grip
Span
Figure 20
Connection Length Between Carrier and Safety Sleeve
91NCHES
MAXIMUM
.... -------
CENTER LINE
OF CARRIER
-,--c ~~FETY
SLEEVE AND
INTERMEDIATE
CONNECTORS
CLIMBER'S
HARNESS
SAFETY
ATTACHMENT ELEME NT
25

37. -----
American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
Figure 21
Dynamic Strength Test, Ladder Safety System, Shown Prior to Release of the Test Weight
26
HOIST
SLEEVE
QUICK
RELEASE
MECHANISM
500 POUND
TEST WEIGHT
CARRIER
GOUND
LEVEL
12 INCHES MAXIMUM
TEST
LANYARD
TEST
LADDER
' •
t
•
•
'
t
'
,.
•
t
41
• 4
4
•
'
'
' •
'
4
• t
I
t
•
• t
•
•
• 4
•
•
•
•
41
~
•
4
•
4

38. --
T • - --c·
Figure 22
Ladder Guard
I
== :-
---
....
#
#
~
-~
~~
7' Min
,.
~ b?
....... . ......... ....
~ - ...... -~··- . ----
American National St andard A 14.3-2008
-
27

39. American Notional Standard A 14.3-2008
ANSI-ASC A 14 Comment I Request for Interpretation Form
This form shall serve as the official form for comments/r equests for interpretation on A14 Standards. It shall be the
r
esponsibility of those wis hing to comment on a proposed stand ard to complete all sections of this form. The appropriate
Sub-Conunittee will review all comments received. A
notice of action taken will be
fonvarded to those issuing substantive
comments/requ
ests.
Please complete the information below
Standard# Title
Name
Organization/Company
Address
City State Zip
P
hone
Fax
Email
A request for comment/interpretation shall not be processed if it:
(a) Involves a determination of compliance to the app licable Standards in the areas of a design, insta llation, or product, or
equivalency of protection.
(b) Involves a review of plans or specifications, or requires ju dgment or knowled ge that can only be acquired as a result of
on-site inspection.
(c) Involves tests that
clearly and decisively provide the requested information.
(d) Involves subjects that were n
ot previously considered by the Committee or that are not addressed in the Standard.
(
e) Involves product evaluation judgments concerning safe work practices.
(f) Involves issues in litigation or in preparation for litigation.
I confirm that the comment/interpretation request is not for a lawsuit that is involved in litigation or is not for a matter that
is being prepared for litigation.
Signed
Only one comment per form-please copy this form for additional comments/request for interpretation!
Comment: (Please be specific)
Rationale: (Each co
mment must include a rational e)
Please mail or fax to: ALI Headquarters. 401 N. Michigan, Chicago, Illinois, 60611 • Fax: [phone]
28

41. -·--. - ~ .
- .
AMERICAN LADDER INSTITUTE
A National Trade Association
401 North Michigan Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60611
Telephone: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
www.omericonladderinstitute.org
---------------
~·1 ....
i
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•