anthelmintic properties and their classification

Anthimelnthics

1. INTRODUCTION
•Helminth means worms.
•Helminthiasis is an infections caused by parasitic worms.
•Anthelmintics are drugs used to treat parasitic infections
due to worms.
Anthelmintics act through two mechanism
•Vermicide (kill) used to kill parasitic intestinal worms.
•Vermifuge (expel) used to destroy or expel worms in the
intestine.
Anthelmintic

2. Helminths are 3 types
Nematodes (round worms) - ascarids (Ascaris), filarias,
hookworms, pinworms (Enterobius), and whipworms (Trichuris
trichiura)
Cestodes (tape worms) - multiple species of flat worms, Taenia
saginatum, Taenia solium(cysticercosis,
hydatid(echinococcus),
Trematodes (flukes) – liver flukes, lung flukes, schistosoma

3. Anthelmintic

4. Diethyl carbamazine citrate
Piperazine citrate

5. Albendazole benzimidazole
Methyl [5-(propylthio)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]carbamate
Mebendazole
Carbamate
Methyl (5-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate

6. •Thiobendazole thiazole
4-(1H-1,3-Benzodiazol-2-yl)-1,3-thiazole

7. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-isopropylaminomethyl-7-
nitro-6-quinolylmethanol
1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline
Pyrental pamoate
Pyrental
Oxaminoquine

8. 5-Chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-
hydroxybenzamide
2-hydroxybenzamide
NICLOSAMIDE

9. niridazole
levamizole
6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo-[1,3]thiazole
 

10. Diethyl Carbamazepine citrate

11. Mebendazole

13. Albendazole

Methyl [5-(propylthio)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]carbamate

14. Albendazole-Uses
Uses
Used for the treatment of gastrointestinal
infestations of roundworms, lungworms and
tapeworms and adult flukes of fasciola
hepatica.

15. 5-Chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-
hydroxybenzamide
2-hydroxybenzamide
NICLOSAMIDE

16. NICLOSAMIDE MOA and USES
Inhibits glucose uptake, oxidative
phosphorylation and anaerobic metabolism in
tapeworm.
Use
Only in tapeworm infections and not in other
worm infection.

17. Oxaminoquine
1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-isopropylaminomethyl-7-nitro-6-
quinolylmethanol

18. Oxaminoquine –MOA and Uses
Irreversible inhibition of nucleic acid metabolism
of parasites.
Uses
To treat tapeworm infections.

19. Praziquantal
2-(Cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-
hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-
one

20. Praziquantal-MOA
Acts by a rapid Ca2+ influx inside schistosome
causing severe spams and paralysis of worms
muscles and death.
Uses
Schitosomiasis
Clonorchiasis
Opisthorchiasis
Tapeworm infection

21. Ivermectin

22. Ivermectin MOA
Binds selectively and with high affinity to
glutamate-gated chloride ion channels in
invertebrate muscle and nerve cells of
microfilaria.
This binding causes an increase in permeability
of cell membrane to chloride ions and results
in hyperpolarization of cell, leading to
paralysis and death of parasite.

23. Ivermectin Uses
To treat
headlice
scabies
river blindness
trichuriasis
strongyloidiasis
lymphatic filariasis