Anthropometry.pptx

Anthropometry

1. ANTHROPOMETRY Dr.R.J.CHARULATHA SENIOR RESIDENT DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE 1

2. DEFINITION: “ Anthropometry ” = “ anthropo ” meaning “ human ” + “ metron ” meaning “ measure ” A study of the measurement of the human body in terms of the dimensions of bone, muscle, and adipose (fat) tissue To assess the growth and development of individuals To evaluate health and nutrition status 2

3. ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS: Height Weight Waist hip ratio Head circumference Chest circumference Mid upper arm circumference Skin fold thickness 3

4. 1. HEIGHT: Length of a child upto 2 years  of age is measured using i nfantometer Child is placed in supine / recumbent position on the  infantometer At birth: 50 cm 1 year: 75 cm 2 years: 87 cm 4

5. INFANTOMETER: 5

6. HEIGHT: In older children,  h eight is recorded in standing position using stadiometer The individual should stand with feet together, flat on the floor, arms at side and knees and back straight Head, heels, back and shoulder should touch the measuring surface After 2 years: (age x 6 ) + 77 cm 6

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8. 2. WEIGHT: Normal birth weight: 2.5 to 3.0 kg Upto 1 year: (age in months + 9) / 2 1 year to 6 years: (age in years x 2) + 8 > 6 years: (age in years x 7 – 5) / 2 8

9. WEIGHING INSTRUMENTS: 9 ELECTRONIC WEIGHING SCALE SALTER’S WEIGHING SCALE

10. BODY MASS INDEX (BMI): 10

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12. 3. WAIST – HIP RATIO: Waist circumference measured at the midpoint between lower border of rib cage and iliac crest Hip circumference measured at the widest point of gluteal muscle 12

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14. 4. HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE (HC): M easured in children until 3 years of age The tape is placed over the occipital protuberance at the back and just over the supraorbital ridge in front 14

15. HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE (HC) CONTD: 15 At birth: 33 to 35 cm 1 st 3 months: 2cm / month Next 3 months: 1 cm / month After 6 months: 0.5 cm / month

16. 5 . CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE: U sually measured at the level of nipples in recumbent position (< 5 years) and in standing position (> 5 years) At birth: HC > CC by upto 3 cms At around 9 months to 1 year of age: HC = CC After 1 year: CC > HC 16

17. 6 . MID UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE (MUAC): Measured in children aged between 1-5 years of age measured over the left upper arm, at a point marked midway between acromion (shoulder) and olecranon (elbow) with arm bent at right angle 17

18. MAC INTERPRETATION USING SHAKIRS TAPE: 18

19. 7. SKIN FOLD THICKNESS: Measured using Harpenden’s caliper Sites - Triceps (M/ C), biceps, subscapular, suprailiac The skinfold with subcutaneous fat, measured at the midpoint of the arm between the shoulder and the tip of the elbow is picked up with thumb and index finger, and caliper is applied beyond the pinch Normal – 30 mm in males, 40 mm in fe males 19

20. SKIN FOLD THICKNESS: 20

21. ERRORS IN ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT: Failure to balance scales at zero before each use Weighing in excess clothing and shoes Measuring an infant unassisted or uncooperative children Not properly extending young children for length measurement Misreading the scale or tape measure Failure to repeat the measuring procedure a second time 21

22. ADVANTAGES OF ANTHROPOMETRY: In expensive & need minimal training Readings are reproducible Measures many variables of nutritional significance ( Ht , Wt , MAC, HC, skin fold thickness & BMI) Non – invasive, less painful 22

23. LIMITATIONS OF ANTHROPOMETRY: Inter-observers errors in measurement Limited nutritional diagnosis Problems with reference standards, i.e. local versus international standards 23

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